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Union General Philip H. Sheridan’s preliminary advance into the Shenandoah Valley was marked by caution. The Confederate General in the area, Jubal Early, interpreted this to mean Sheridan was performing a holding operation, and rashly allowed his forces to become dispersed along the Valley. Learning of this opportunity through reconnaissance,… More

At the beginning of the American Civil War in 1861, the Confederacy consisted of eleven secessionist slave-holding states. Kentucky began the war as neutral, but came under Union control. Missouri began as a Union state, even though it was slave-owning and mostly pro-Confederate. During the war it split into two,… More

The premise of the Confederate campaign in Kentucky appeared to be sound; it was reasoned that a joint invasion of pro-secession Kentucky by Generals Bragg and Kirby Smith would bring Kentuckians flooding to the Confederate cause. Rapid progress was made: Smith won a skirmish at Richmond, Bragg seized Munfordville. Buell’s… More

In spring 1863 the Union forces forced Vicksburg and Port Hudson to surrender, giving them control of the Mississippi and accomplishing the objective of splitting the Confederate forces in two. The Union army forced the Confederates to leave Gettysburg in the North and retreat to Virginia. In East Tennessee, the… More

1861 was, overall, evenly balanced. On the battlefield, the Confederacy had triumphed at the First Battle of Bull Run but failed to exploit their victory. Meanwhile, the Union’s ‘Anaconda Plan’, a full naval blockade, was devastating southern trade and, consequently, its ability to finance a long war. In spring 1862,… More

While outwardly professing neutrality, Governor Claiborne Jackson secretly invited Confederate forces to ‘liberate’ Missouri. On 9 August 1861, Union General Nathaniel Lyon came upon a Confederate Army under General McCulloch, backed by Missouri militia under Sterling Price. Outnumbered 2 to 1, he decided to withdraw, after first launching an attack… More

Over the course of the night of 6 April, Buell’s 18,000-strong Army of the Ohio arrived, crossed the river and filed into position along the centre and left of the Union line. Further reinforcements arrived in the form of a reserve division commanded by Major General Lew Wallace, who joined… More

After the successful battles at Fort Henry and Fort Donelson in February, the Army of the West Tennessee, commanded by Ulysses S. Grant, continued their campaign into Confederate territory. The Union plan called for the army to concentrate its scattered units at Pittsburg Landing on the Tennessee River. There they… More

The Battle of Raymond was fought on 12 May 1863 in Raymond, Mississippi. It led to a Union victory and was between 12,000 Union soldiers, under Major General James B. McPherson, and 4,400 Confederates, under Brigadier General John Gregg. The Confederate commander at Vicksburg, Lieutenant General John Pemberton, wanted to… More

Occupying a strong defensive position before the city of Nashville, Union commander George H. Thomas enjoyed a near 2:1 numerical advantage over his opponent John Bell Hood’s Army of the Tennessee. To exploit this superiority, he launched a diversionary attack on the Confederate right flank while Generals Smith and Wilson… More

In autumn 1864, Confederate General John Bell Hood was despatched to Tennessee in a desperate attempt to divert Union General William T. Sherman’s rampaging March to the Sea through the Confederacy. Sherman would not be diverted, but did send General John Schofield with his Army of the Ohio to defend… More

The Battle of Darbytown Rd, Virginia, on 7 October 1864 was a Confederate attempt to retake ground lost by the taking of Confederate fortifications near Chaffin’s Bluff. General Robert E. Lee, the Confederate commander, launched a major offensive on Darbytown Rd, north of the James River. Under the direct command… More

THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR

The Map Archive is your one-stop solution for buying US Civil War maps online. The American Civil War (1861–65), or US Civil War, or War Between the States, began in 1861 after decades of tension over slavery, states’ rights and western expansion. When Abraham Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1860 the southern states seceded and formed the Confederate States of America, reacting against abolitionist sentiment in the North.

In March 1861 Confederate artillery fired the first shots of the Civil War at Fort Sumter in South Carolina. Although the 23 states of the Union held the advantage in terms of population, manufacturing and armaments, the Confederates had a strong military tradition. The war that ensued was very costly: some 620,000 of the 2.4 million soldiers involved were killed. Famous Civil War generals include ‘Stonewall’ Jackson, Ulysses S. Grant, Robert E. Lee, William Sherman, George B. McClellan, Ambrose E. Burnside. Famous battles include the First Battle of Bull Run (or First Manassas), Antietam (Sharpsburg), Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Vicksburg, Chattanooga. Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation (1863-4) freed all enslaved people in the rebellious states, depriving the Confederacy of its labour forces.

In Autumn 1864 Sherman’s ‘March to the Sea’ and the Union siege of Petersburg and Richmond left the Confederacy shattered. Grant accepted Lee’s surrender at Appomattox Court House on 9 April. On 14 April Confederate sympathiser John Wilkes Booth assassinated President Lincoln at Ford’s Theatre in Washington. The war finally ended on 26 April 1865.

Civil War Map – US Civil War Map – The Map Archive

THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR