UK vs US Education System

Many wonder which is better for international students, and the only answer is that it depends on your personal choice of where in the world you would prefer to study.

According to the world university rankings compiled by the Times Higher Education, more than half of the world’s top 200 universities are located in the US and UK. Both countries share a rich tradition of quality higher education, excellent research facilities, and a culture that promotes intellectualism as well as academic freedom. However, while both certainly provide an excellent environment for learning, there are many differences between the two countries regarding the structure of the university as well as student life. In this article, we will explore the primary differences between the American and UK education systems.

Length of Time

Perhaps the most important difference between the education
system in the US,
and the UK, is the amount of time it
takes to finish your degree (except in Scotland, where a bachelor’s degree also lasts four years). In general,
degree programs in the US take about one year longer than programs in the UK, although this varies depending upon
whether you receive a Master’s degree prior to a PhD. In both systems, you can go directly to a PhD program out of
your undergraduate program, but in the UK it is more common to complete a Master’s degree program before moving on
to a PhD. Courses of study are shorter in the UK because the course programs are generally much more focused than in
the US.

Academic Term

Most universities in the US begin their terms in mid to late August, although smaller liberal arts colleges may
start later. Most take a rather lengthy break beginning in mid-December and begin the second semester in early to
mid-January. However, universities that are on different calendars, such as a trimester or quarter-based system, may
begin their winter break at the Thanksgiving holiday, which falls at the end of November. The academic term in the
UK is a bit more varied. While most also use the semester system, the trimester and quarter systems are used in some
universities. Many schools start in September or October and end in May or June, making for a slightly longer
academic year. However, the academic term is less standardized throughout the United Kingdom; if you choose to study
there, your university might use a much different calendar.

University Organization

Many universities in the UK are made up of “colleges” which are dedicated to a specific subject matter. While the
colleges are still governed by the university, each college has quite a lot of autonomy from each other as well as
the university itself. You live with others in your college, eat with others from your college, and generally stay
within your college for the duration of your studies. Rather than applying to the central university admissions
department, like you do in the US, you either apply directly to the college of the subject you want to study, or in
the case of undergraduate programs, you apply through a centralized system which allows you to apply to several
colleges at once. This system is called the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service, or UCAS. This means that
you have to know what you want to study before you even apply.

By contrast, in the US, you apply to the larger university and for the first year or more, you take courses from a
variety of fields and only declare a major at the end of the first year or perhaps even during the second year.
American universities have different “schools,” or departments, such as the School of Arts and Sciences, which
houses a number of related majors. However, even after you declare a major at an American university, you are still
expected to take classes outside of that field, known as “electives.” For this reason, we can say that the general
emphasis of higher education in the US is breadth, or getting a range of knowledge from a variety of different
subjects. In the UK, the emphasis is more on depth; getting a very thorough understanding of your chosen subject.

Homework and Grades

Because the US system emphasizes breadth, courses require weekly or even biweekly readings as well as other
assignments such as small writing projects, major research papers, and oral presentations throughout the course. In
the UK, most schools are much more lecture-based, with only occasional assignments throughout the semester. In some
cases, there may be no actual required assignments and instead your entire grade may be based on one final exam. In
the US, your grade will be based on your performance on the variety of assignments, with a final exam making up only
a percentage of your total grade.

Cost

The cost of education in both countries is far from cheap, but in the United States it is generally higher. According to a law passed in 2012, universities in England may charge up to £9000 (approximately $14,300) per year. Of course, this applies only to citizens of the UK and the EU, not international students. Fees for international students can be significantly higher. The government sets the limits for tuition fees, and each individual school sets its own fee up to that limit.

By contrast, the government has very little control over what universities charge in the United States. The US
differentiates between in-state tuition fees and out-of-state tuition fees, as well as between private and public
universities. These distinctions determine the tuition fee. The average tuition fee for public two-year institutions
is around $3000 per year, while the average fee for private four-year institutions is around $29,000 per year.
Finally, some private four-year institutions can cost up to $50,000 per year. In order to help students cover the
cost of tuition in both countries, loans are available through the government with favorable terms and interest
rates. Visit our
Financial Aid Center for more information about financing your education in the US, and
our Financial Aid for the UK section to learn more about funding an education in the UK.

Accommodation

Both countries provide students with residence halls in which to live. They are roughly equivalent,
although in the UK it is more
normal to have a bedroom by yourself, whereas in the US, you may very well share a bedroom with at least one other person. However, after the first year, students
in the US may have additional housing options available to them, such as private housing or off-campus housing. It
is also more common for dormitories to be self-catered in the UK, while the US normally provides a range of full
dining options for its students. One potentially significant difference is that maid service is common in the
residence halls in the UK, although students pay a nominal fee for this service.

Conclusion

While both countries provide a great education, each system approaches education slightly differently, and there are
advantages and disadvantages to each. If you are considering getting your education in either the US or the UK, you
should take into consideration the various differences mentioned in this article, especially the amount of time it
takes to finish the degree, the tuition fees and whether you prefer more depth or more breadth in your degree
program.

America
Britain

Length of Time
BA: 4 years
MA: 2 years
PhD: 5-7 years or longer

BA: 3 years
MA: 1 year
PhD: 3 years

Academic Term
Most schools use the semester system, but some use a trimester or quarter system. Most schools start in mid
to late August and end in May.

Most also use a semester system, but some use trimester or quarter systems. The start and end of an academic
year varies by university.

University Organization
Universities are often divided into schools by subject, but these schools do not typically have a lot of
autonomy from the university.

University acts an umbrella organization for the different colleges. Colleges are fairly independent of one
another.

Style of Education
More varied, liberal arts, study outside your major.
Take only classes in your college.

Depth vs Breadth
Breadth
Depth

Homework
Constant reading and writing assignments
General assignments or no assignments throughout the semester

Cost
High
Moderate

Grades
Based on overall performance on all assignments
Based mostly on the final exam

Athletics
Important social activity; athletic scholarships available.
Intramural sports; generally no athletic scholarships available.

Living Situation
Dormitories with roommate. Off-campus housing occasionally available.
Dormitories without roommate generally. Off-campus housing generally available.

Types of Degrees
Associates, Bachelors, Masters, PhD, variety of vocational and professional degrees.
Higher National Diploma, Certificate of Higher Education, Diploma of Higher Education, Foundation Degree,
Bachelors, Masters, PhD, variety of professional and vocational degrees. Postgraduate degrees divided into
taught and research degrees.

Visit our Study Centers to learn more about studying in the
United Kingdom and the
United States.

Learn about UK entry requirements.

Learn about Graduate Schools in the UK.

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