Thông tư 133/2016/TT-BTC hướng dẫn chế độ kế toán doanh nghiệp nhỏ và vừa

MINISTRY OF FINANCE
——-

SOCIALIST
REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM
Independence – Freedom – Happiness
—————

No.
133/2016/TT-BTC

Hanoi,
August 26, 2016

CIRCULAR

ACCOUNTING FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES

Pursuant to the Law on
Accounting No. 88/2015/QH13 dated November 20, 2015;

Pursuant to the Government’s
Decree No. 215/2013/ND-CP dated December 23, 2013 defining the functions,
tasks, entitlements and organizational structure of the Ministry of Finance;

At the request of Director of
Department of Audit and Accounting,

The Minister of Finance
promulgates a Circular on accounting for small and medium enterprises

Chapter I

GENERAL PROVISIONS

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This Circular provides instructions
on bookkeeping, preparation of financial statements of small and medium
enterprises (SME) and does not apply to determination of enterprises’ tax
liability.

Article 2.
Regulated entities

1. This Circular apply to SME,
including extra-small enterprises, in every field and every economic sector
defined by law on assistance for SME, except for state-owned enterprises,
enterprises over 50% charter capital of which are held by the State, public
companies defined by securities laws, cooperatives and cooperative associations
defied by the Law on Cooperatives.

2. SME in special fields such as
electricity, petroleum, insurance, securities, etc. whose special accounting
policies are promulgated or approved by the Ministry of Finance.

Article 3.
General rules

1. SME may apply the accounting
policies specified in Circular No. 200/2014/TT-BTC dated December 22, 2014 of
the Ministry of Finance and amendments thereto as long as their supervisory tax
authorities are informed and such accounting policies are applied consistently
throughout the fiscal year. A SME that wishes to turn back to applying the
accounting policies specified this Circular must do it in the beginning of the
fiscal year and inform its supervisory tax authority.

2. SME shall, pursuant to
accounting rules and contents of the balance sheet specified in this Circular,
record their transactions in a way that is appropriate for their operation and
management requirements.

3. In the cases where an enterprise
undergoes changes in a fiscal year and is no longer regulated by this Circular,
it may apply this Circular until the end of the current fiscal year and apply
an appropriate accounting policy from the succeeding fiscal year.

Article 4.
Application of accounting standards

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Code
and name

Standard 11 – Amalgamation

Standard 19 – Insurance policies

Standard 22 – Supplementary
contents of financial statements of banks and similar financial institutions

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Standard 27 – Mid-term financial
statement

Standard 28 – Partial statement

Standard 30 – Interest on shares

Article 5.
Accounting currency

The accounting currency is
Vietnamese Dong (national symbol: “đ”; international symbol: “VND”) shall be
used to prepare the accounting books and financial statements of enterprises.
In the cases where most of an accounting unit’s revenues and expenses are foreign
currencies and the standards specified in Article 6 of this Circular are met,
one of the foreign currencies may be used as accounting currency.

Article 6.
Selection of accounting currency

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2. An accounting currency:

a) is primarily used in the unit’s
goods sale and/or service provision; greatly affects the prices for goods
and/or services; is usually the currency of selling prices and payments
therefor; and

b) is primarily used in the unit’s
purchases of goods and/or services; greatly affects the costs of labour,
materials and other operating expenses; is usually the currency of payments for
such costs.

3. The following factors are also
taken into account and used as evidence for the unit’s accounting currency:

a) The currencies for raising
financial resources (such as issuance of shares, bonds);

b) The currencies obtained from
business operations and accrued.

4. The accounting currency reflects
the transactions, events and conditions related to the unit’s operation. Once
determined, the accounting unit must not be changed unless in the case of vital
change to such transactions, events and conditions.

Article 7.
Conversion of financial statements into VND

1. In the cases where an enterprise
uses a currency other than VND as its accounting currency, the currency in the
financial statement that is published and submitted to Vietnamese competent
authorities must be VND. If the enterprise has to have its financial statement
audited, the financial statement submitted to the regulatory body and published
must undergo audit.

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3. When converting the currency of
a financial statement into VND, the enterprise must specify the impacts (if
any) to the financial statement because of such conversion in the notes to the
financial statement.

Article 8.
Change of accounting currency

In case of major changes to the management
and business operation that render the current accounting currency unable to
meet the standards specified in Clause 2 and Clause 3 of Article 6 hereof, the
enterprise may change its accounting currency. The accounting currency may only
be changed at the beginning of a new accounting period.

The enterprise must inform its
supervisory tax authority of the change of its accounting currency within 30
working days from the day on which such change is made.

Article 9.
Rights and responsibility of enterprises to the bookkeeping of its affiliated
units.

1. The enterprise shall organize
the accounting apparatus of its affiliated units without legal status
(hereinafter referred to as affiliated units) in a way that is appropriate for
its operation and conformable with law.

2. The enterprise shall decide
whether an affiliated unit keeps separate accounts of the following:

a) Regarding capital provided by
the enterprise: the enterprise shall decide whether it is recorded as a
liability or equity;

b) Regarding purchases, sales,
internal circulation of products, goods and/or services, the enterprise shall
decide the recording of revenues, costs at each affiliated unit, regardless of
the form of accounting documents (internally circulated vouchers or invoices)

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c) Depending on the accounting
model, the enterprise may authorize its affiliated units to record
undistributed after-tax profit or only record revenues and expenses.

Article 10.
Registration of changes to accounting policy

1. Regarding the balance sheet:

a) In the cases where an enterprise
wishes to add a sub-account or change the name, symbol, contents, transaction
accounting method of a sub-account, it must obtain a written approval by the
Ministry of Finance.

b) An enterprise may add
sub-accounts account to accounts without sub-accounts specified in the Enterprise
Account System in Appendix 1 enclosed herewith without approval by the Ministry
of Finance.

2. Regarding financial statements:

a) An SME shall prepare its
financial statement using the template in Appendix 2 enclosed herewith in a way
that is appropriate for its business operation.

b) Addition or change to any item
of the financial statement is subject to written approval by the Ministry of
Finance.

3. Regarding accounting books and
accounting documents:

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b) All accounting book templates
(including logs and ledgers) are instructional (not mandatory). Enterprises
shall comply with the Law on Accounting and instructional documents thereof.
Enterprises may design their own accounting books and tags as long as
information is sufficient, clear and easy to inspect.

Chapter II

CHART OF ACCOUNTS

Article 11.
Rules for cash accounting

1. The accountant must keep daily
records of revenues, expenses, receipt and dispatching of money cash funds or
foreign currencies in the Journals and calculate the fund balance and every
account in the bank at all times for verification.

2. Deposits paid by other
organizations and individuals in the enterprise shall be managed and recorded
similarly to the enterprise’s money.

3. The receipt or payment slips
with sufficient signatures are required when obtaining receipts or making
payments of cash. The debit notes or credit notes or banking statements are
required when recording bank deposits.

4. The accountant must keep records
of cash in foreign currency in details. When transactions in foreign currencies
are made, foreign currencies shall be converted into VND according to the
following rules:

– Actual exchange rates shall be
applied to the debit side of cash accounts;

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The determination of weighted
average exchange rate and actual exchange rate is specified in Article 52 of
this Circular.

5. In the cases where the
enterprise applies the actual exchange rate to record the money and exchange differences
that occur in the period in the credit side of cash accounts, it may record
them at the time of payment or on a periodical basis depending on the
characteristics of its operation. If at the end of accounting period:

– The cash account balance in
foreign currency is empty, the enterprise must aggregate all exchange
differences that occur in the period with financial income or financial expense
in the period.

– If the cash account balance in
foreign currency is positive, the enterprise shall carry out reassessment as
specified in Article 52 of this Circular.

6. The foreign currency balance
must be reassessed at the time of preparation of the financial statement at the
closing average transfer rate of the commercial bank where the enterprise’s
transactions are usually made (hereinafter referred to as “the regular bank”).

Determination of the average
transfer rate and method for handling exchange difference due to reassessment
of foreign currency accounts are specified in Article 52 of this Circular.

Article 12.
Account 111 – Cash on hand

1. Rules for accounting

a) This account reflects receipts,
expenses, balance in the enterprise’s cash fund, including VND and foreign
currencies. Only received, dispatched or stocked VND and foreign currencies
shall be recorded to account 111 “Cash”.

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c) The accountant of cash fund must
write a Cash daybook and record all day-to-day financial transactions:
receipts, payments, dispatch or receiving of the cash fund and calculate the
fund balance at all times.

d) The cashier shall be responsible
for management, receiving and dispatch of the cash fund. The cashier must
verify the actual cash balance, then collate the figures between cash fund book
and cash ledger on a daily basis. In case of any difference, the accountant and
the cashier must verify them again in order to uncover reasons and propose
solutions for such difference.

2. Structure and contents of
Account 111 – Cash

Debit:

– Received VND and foreign
currency;

– Excess VND and foreign currency
found during stocktaking;

– Exchange rate difference due to
reassessment of cash balance in foreign currency at the time of reporting (if
foreign currency rate rises against the recorded exchange rate).

Credit:

– Dispatched VND and foreign
currency;

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– Exchange rate difference due to
reassessment of cash balance in foreign currency at the time of reporting (if
foreign currency rate rises against the recorded exchange rate).

Debit balance:

Stocked cash and foreign currency
remained in the cash fund at the reporting time.

Account 111 – Cash,
comprising two sub-accounts:

– Account 1111 – VND: reflecting
receipts, expenses, balance in VND of the cash fund.

– Account 1112 – Foreign
currencies: reflecting receipts, expenses, exchange rate differences and
foreign currency balance of the cash fund which is converted into the
accounting currency.

Article 13.
Account 112 – Cash in bank

1. Rules for accounting

a) This account is intended to
record current amounts, increases and decreases in demand deposits of the
enterprise in bank accounts. Credit notes, debit notes or bank statements
enclosed with original documents (payment order, collection order, depository
transfer check, certified check, etc) shall be recorded to Account 112 “Cash
in bank”.

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c) It is required to sort the
deposits by account in each bank to facilitate verification.

d) Bank overdrafts must not be
recorded as a negative amount on bank deposit accounts. Instead, they shall be
recorded similarly to bank loans.

2. Structure and contents of
account 112 – Cash in bank

Debit:

– Deposited VND and foreign
currencies;

– Exchange rate difference due to
reassessment of bank deposit balance in foreign currency at the time of
reporting (if foreign currency rate rises against the recorded exchange rate).

Credit:

– Withdrawn VND and foreign
currencies;

– Exchange rate difference due to
reassessment of bank deposit balance in foreign currency at the time of
reporting (if foreign currency rate drops against the recorded exchange rate).

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Actual deposited VND and foreign
currencies at the reporting time.

Account 112 – Cash in bank,
comprising two sub-accounts:

– Account 1121 – VND: reflecting
deposits, withdrawals and bank account balance in VND.

– Account 1122 – Foreign
currency: reflecting deposits, withdrawals and bank account balance in foreign
currencies converted into the accounting currency.

Article 14.
Account 121 – Trading securities

1. Rules for accounting

a) This account is intended to
record the sales, purchases and payments of securities held for trading as
defined by law (including over-12-month matured securities which are traded for
profits). Trading securities include:

– Shares, bonds listed on
securities market;

– Securities and other financial
instruments.

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b) Trading securities must be
recorded in the ledger according to their historical cost: buying price plus
(+) buying expenses (if any) such as brokerage, transactions, information
provision, taxes, bank’s fees and charges. The historical cost of trading
securities shall be determined according to reasonable prices of payment at the
time of transaction. Trading securities shall be recorded when the investor
acquires the ownership. To be specific:

– Listed securities are recorded at
the time of matching (T+0);

– Unlisted securities are recorded
at the time at which the ownership is acquired as prescribed in regulations of
law.

c) At the end of the fiscal year,
if the market prices of trading securities devalue against their historical
costs, the accounting may make provisions for devaluation.

d) The enterprise must promptly
fully record incomes from investment in trading securities. When receive
investment interests including the investment interests accrued before re-buy
that investment, that interests must be allocated. Interest in the periods
after the enterprise buys such investment shall be recorded as financial
income. The interest accrued before the enterprise repurchases the investment
shall be recorded as a decrease in its value.

When the investor receives
additional shares without paying money to joint-stock companies using share
premium, the funds belong to owners’ equity and unallocated after-tax profits
(dividends are allocated by shares) to issue additional shares, the investor
only observes the quantity of additional shares according to the presentation
of financial statement, not records the received share value, not records financial
income and not records the investment value in joint-stock companies.

dd) Before any share is exchanged,
its value must be determined according to fair value on the exchanging date.
The difference (if any) between fair value of shares received and book value of
shares used for exchange shall be recorded to financial income (in case of
profit) or financial expenses (in case of loss). The determination of fair
value of shares shall comply with regulations below:

– Regarding shares of listed
companies, fair value of their shares are closing prices listed on the
securities market on the exchange date. In case the securities market closes
transaction on the exchange date, the fair value of shares is closing prices of
the session preceding the exchange date.

– Regarding unlisted shares
permitted to transact on the UPCOM, the fair value of shares are closing prices
of UPCOM on the exchange date. In case the UPCOM closes transactions on the exchange
date, the fair value of shares is closing prices of the session preceding the
exchange date.

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e) The accountant manage trading
securities being held by the enterprise by ticker symbol and type (type of
securities, face value, actual buying price or each foreign currency used for
investment, etc).

g) When liquidating or transferring
trading securities (according to each type of security), the cost shall be
determined according to weighted mean or “first-in, first-out” rule. The cost
of selling securities shall be aggregated with financial expense in the period.
The profit earned or loss incurred when liquidating or selling trading
securities shall be aggregated with financial income or financial expense in
the accounting period.

h) At the end of the fiscal year,
the enterprise must reassess all types of trading securities that are foreign
currency monetary items at the closing average transfer rate of the
enterprise’s regular bank. The determination of the average transfer rate and
method for handling exchange difference due to reassessment of trading
securities that are foreign currency monetary items are specified in Article 52
of this Circular.

2. Structure and contents of
account 121 – Trading securities

Debit: Trading security
buying-value.

Credit: trading security
selling-value.

Debit balance: Trading
security value at the reporting time.

Article 15.
Account 128 – Held to maturity investments

1. Rules for accounting

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This account does not reflect debt
securities held for sales (reflected in account 121 – Trading securities).

b) Held to maturity investments
must be recorded in the ledger according to their historical costs: buying
price plus (+) buying expenses (if any) such as brokerage, transactions,
information provision, taxes, bank’s fees and charges.

c) The accountant must keep records
of all held to maturity investments and sort them by term, type, currency,
quantity, etc. When preparing a financial statement, accountants shall record
them as long-term or short-term assets according to the remaining term (under
12 months or more than 12 months from the reporting date.

d) The enterprise must promptly and
fully record financial income from investments such as deposit interest, loan
interest, profit or loss on liquidation or transfer of held to maturity
investments, etc.

dd) The enterprise must promptly
and fully record incomes from held to maturity investment. When receive
investment interests including the investment interests accrued before re-buy
that investment, that interests must be allocated. Interest in the periods
after the enterprise purchases such investment shall be recorded as financial
income. The interest accrued before the enterprise repurchases the investment
shall be recorded as a decrease in its value.

e) Accountants shall assess the
recoverability of held to maturity investments other than loans. If there is
evident that an investment is partially or fully unrecoverable, accountants
shall aggregate the loss with financial expense in the period. In cases where
the loss cannot be reliably identified, the accountant is not required to record
it as a decrease, but the recoverability of such investment must be reported on
the financial statement.

g) When the financial statement is
prepared, the accountant must re-asset all held to maturity investments
classified as foreign currency monetary items at the closing average transfer
rate of the enterprise’s regular bank.

The determination of the average
transfer rate and method for handling exchange difference due to reassessment
of foreign currency monetary items are specified in Article 52 of this
Circular.

2. Structure and contents of
account 128 – Held to maturity investments

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Value of held to maturity
investments increases.

Credit:

Value of held to maturity
investments decreases.

Debit balance:

Value of current held to maturity
investments at the reporting time.

Account 128 – Held to
maturity investments, comprising two sub-accounts:

– Account 1281 – Term deposits:
reflecting increases, decreases and balance of term deposits.

– Account 1288 – Other held to maturity
investments: reflecting increases, decreases and balance of other held to
maturity investments such as preference shares which the issuer is required to
repurchase them in a certain time in the future, commercial papers, bonds and held
to maturity loans.

Article 16.
Rules for accounting of receivables

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Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

2. The receivable shall be
classified as trade receivables, intra-company receivables and other
receivables as follows:

a) Trade receivables include
commercial receivables generating from purchase-sale related transactions, such
as: receivables from sales, services, liquidation or transfer of assets (fixed
assets, investment property, financial investments) between enterprises and
buyers (independent units against buyers, including units in which the
enterprise invest). These receivables include receivables for sale of exports
via the trustee.

b) Intra-company receivables
include receivables between superior units and affiliated units.

c) Other receivables include
non-commercial or non-trading receivables, such as:

– Receivables generating financial
income, such as: receivables from loan interest, deposit interest, dividends
and divided profits;

– Reimbursable payments on behalf
of a third party; receivables on behalf of the trustor which are collected by
the trustee;

– Non-commercial receivables
include non-monetary borrowed assets, fines, compensation, unresolved asset
losses, etc.

3. When preparing a financial
statement, the receivables shall be classified as short-term receivables or
long-term receivables according to their remaining terms. Receivables on the
financial position statement may include amounts recorded to accounts other
than accounts receivable, such as: loans recorded to account 1288; deposits
recorded to account 1386, advances recorded to account 141, etc. The allowance
for bad debts shall be determined according to the items classified as
short-term receivables and long-term receivables on the financial position
statement.

4. Receivables in foreign
currencies shall be sorted by currency and debtors as follows:

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

In case of advance received from
the buyer where the criteria for recognition of revenues and incomes are met,
the advance shall be recorded in Dr 131 at the specific exchange rate applied at
the time of advance payment.

– When collecting receivables
(recorded to debit side of accounts receivable), the enterprise may select
between the recorded weighted average exchange rates applied to each debtor or
the actual exchange rates at the time of collection.

Advance payments by buyers recorded
to Dr 131 shall apply the actual exchange rate at the time of advance payment.

5. In the cases where the
enterprise applies the actual exchange rate to record the receivables and
exchange differences that occur in the period in the credit side of accounts
receivable, it may record them at the time of payment or on a periodical basis
depending on the characteristics of its operation. If at the end of accounting
period:

– If the balance of accounts
receivable is empty, the enterprise must aggregate all exchange differences
that occur in the period with financial income or financial expense in the
period.

– If the balance of accounts
receivable is positive, the enterprise shall carry out reassessment as
specified in Article 52 of this Circular.

6. The receivables that are foreign
currency monetary items must be reassessed at the time of preparation of the
financial statement at the closing average transfer rate of the enterprise’s
regular bank.

The determination of the average
transfer rate and method for handling exchange difference due to reassessment
of receivables that are foreign currency monetary items are specified in
Article 52 of this Circular.

7. Allowance for bad debts shall be
made for those that are foreign currency monetary items.

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

1. Rules for accounting

a) This account is intended to
record receivables and payments of receivables of customers from goods,
investment property, fixed assets, financial investment or services. This
account is also intended to record receivables from contractors and contract
awarders related for finished infrastructure development works. This account is
not intended to record immediate cash.

b) The receivables must be recorded
specifically to every debtor, every receivables item and monitor the recovery
terms (above 12 months or not exceeding 12 months from the reporting time) and
keep record for every payment. Debtors are customers that purchase of goods
and/or services from the enterprise, including fixed assets, investment
property or other financial investments.

c) The export trustor shall record
receivables for sale of exports from the trustee to above account similarly to
ordinary sales of goods or service provision.

d) When recording this account, the
debts shall be classified as recoverable debts, doubtful debts or irrecoverable
debts to determine allowance for bad debts or solutions for bad debts. The loss
on bad debts minus (-) provision shall be aggregated with the administration
expenses in the accounting period. Doubtful receivables that are collected
shall be aggregated with other incomes.

dd) If the goods, investment
property or services are provided against agreements between the enterprise and
the customer, the customer may request the enterprise to give a discount or
return the goods.

2. Structure and contents of
account 131 – Trade receivables

Debit:

– Trade receivables generated
within a tax period from sale of goods, investment property, fixed assets, services
or financial investments;

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Reassessment of trade receivables
that are foreign currency monetary items at the time of preparation of the
financial statement (if foreign currency rate rises against the recorded exchange
rate).

Credit:

– Debts owed by customers’;

– Advances received from customers;

– Discounts deducted from trade
receivables;

– Sales of returned goods
(inclusive or exclusive of VAT).

– Payment discounts and trade
discounts offered to buyers;

– Reassessment of trade receivables
that are foreign currency monetary items at the time of preparation of the
financial statement (if foreign currency rate drops against the recorded
exchange rate).

Debit balance:

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

This account may have a positive
credit balance: the credit balance reflects the advances or excess amount
collected from customers sorted by customers. When preparing the financial
position statement, the balance with detailed debtors shall be used to record
both “Asset” and “Equity”

Article 18.
Account 133 – Deductible VAT

1. Rules for accounting

a) This account is used to record
input VAT that is deductible, has been deducted and remaining deductible VAT of
the enterprise.

b) The deductible input VAT and
non-deductible input VAT must be recorded separately. If they cannot be
recorded separately, the input VAT shall be recorded to account 133. At the end
of the tax period, the deductible input VAT and non-deductible input VAT shall
be determined in accordance with regulations of law on VAT.

c) The non-deductible input VAT
shall be recorded to values of purchased assets, costs of goods sold or
operating expenses as the case may be.

d) Declaration and payment of
deductible input VAT shall comply with regulations of law on VAT.

2. Structure and contents of
account 133 – Deductible VAT

Debit:

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

Credit:

– Deducted VAT.

– Carriedforward non-deductible
input
VAT.

– Input VAT on purchased supplies
and/or goods that are returned or discounted;

– Refunded input VAT.

Debit balance:

Remaining deductible input VAT,
refundable input VAT pending refund.

Account 133 – Deductible VAT,
comprising two sub-accounts:

– Account 1331 – Deductible VAT
on goods or services: reflecting deductible input VAT on purchased supplies,
goods or services serving production of goods or provision of services subject
to VAT using credit-invoice method.

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

Article 19.
Account 136 – Intra-company receivables

1. Rules for accounting:

a) This account reflects
receivables and payment of receivables between the enterprise (superior unit)
and affiliated units or among affiliated units. The superior unit means an
affiliated unit that does bookkeeping such as a branch, factory, etc.

b) Content of intra-company
receivables recorded to account 136:

– At the superior unit:

+ Capital, funds or funding
allocated to inferior units;

+ Amounts payable to the superior
unit by inferior affiliated units;

+ Amounts collected by inferior
units;

+ Payments on behalf of inferior
units;

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

+ Other current receivables.

– At the affiliated unit:

+ Amounts allocated by the superior
unit which have not been received;

+ Values of goods and/or services
transferred to the superior unit or other internal units for sale;

+ Revenue from sale of goods or
provision of services for internal units;

+ Amounts collected by the superior
unit or other internal units;

+ Amounts paid on behalf of the
superior unit and other internal units;

+ Other current receivables.

c) Account 136 must be kept records
of every inferior unit in details and every intra-company receivables must be
separately monitored. The enterprise must take measures for settlement of
intra-company receivables within the tax period.

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

2. Structure and contents of
account 136 – Intra-company receivables

Debit:

– Working capital provided for
inferior units;

– Payments on behalf of the
superior unit or other internal units;

– Receivables by the superior unit,
amounts payable made by inferior units;

– Amounts receivables by inferior
units; amounts payable the superior unit;

– Receivables from sale of
goods/services among internal units;

– Other intra-company receivables.

Credit:

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Collected intra-company
receivables.

– Intra-company receivables offset
against intra-company payables of the same entity.

Debit balance: Outstanding
receivables from subsidiaries.

Account 136 – Intra-company
receivables, comprising two sub-accounts:

– Account 1361 – Working capital
provided for affiliated units: This account is only opened by the superior unit
to record current working capital of affiliated units by the superior unit.

– Account 1368 – Other
intra-company payables: reflecting payables between internal units other than
working capital.

Article 20.
Account 138 – Other receivables

1. Rules for accounting

1.1. This account reflects debt
receivables other than those reflected by account 131 – trade receivables,
account 136 – intra-company receivables and repayment of these debts,
including:

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Material compensation for loss or
damage of materials, goods or capital, etc. caused by individuals or groups
(inside or outside the enterprise);

– Non-monetary assets borrowed by
other entities (cash loans shall be recorded to account 1288);

– Investment in capital
construction, operating expenses that have to be withdrawn because they are
disapproved by competent authorities;

– Reimbursable payments on behalf
of a third party that have to be withdrawn such as banking fees, customs
inspection fees, delivery expenses, material handling expenses, taxes, etc .

– Loan interests, dividends, profits
receivables from financial investment;

– Sum of money or value of the
assets used by the enterprise as pledge or deposit in other enterprises or
organizations in lawful economic relations.

– Other receivables.

1.2. Rules for accounting of
pledges and deposits

a) The amounts of money or assets
used as pledge and deposit shall be monitored and promptly redeemed upon
expiration of the pledging or depositing period. Regarding overdue deposits to
which the enterprise is entitled, the enterprise shall create provisions for
them as if they are bad debts.

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

c) The assets used as pledge or
deposit purpose shall be recorded at the book value of the enterprise. The same
price of a non-monetary asset used as pledge or deposit shall be recorded when
it is dispatched from or delivered to inventory. Collateral in the form of a
certificate of ownership (i.e. real estate) shall not be recorded as a decrease
in assets but they shall be monitored in the accounting records (sub-account:
collateral) and presented in the financial statement.

d) If there are deposits in cash or
cash equivalents which are paid back in foreign currencies, they shall be
re-assessed according to closing transfer rate published by the enterprise’s
regular bank.

1.3. In principle, whenever asset
deficiency is discovered, the cause and the responsible person must be
identified and dealt with properly. The asset deficiency shall only be recorded
to account 1381 if the cause of deficiency, loss or damage of the assets has
not been identified. If the cause for asset deficiency is identified and
settled within the tax period, they shall be recorded to equivalent accounts
except account 1381.

The value of inventory wastage and loss
(except acceptable wastage during purchasing process which is aggregated with
inventory value) minus (-) collected damages shall be aggregated with the cost
of goods sold.

The value of remaining unresolved
asset losses minus (-) damages paid by relevant entities shall be aggregated
with the enterprise’s other expenses.

1.4. The loss on doubtful
recoverable minus (-) provision shall be aggregated with the administration
expenses.

2. Structure and contents of
account 138 – Other receivables

Debit:

– Value of unresolved asset losses;

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Loan interests, deposit
interests, dividends or profits receivables from financial investment;

– Reimbursable payments on behalf
of a third party; other debt receivables;

– Value of assets used as pledge or
cash deposit;

– Reassessment of other receivables
that are foreign currency monetary items (if foreign currency rate rises
against the recorded exchange rate).

Credit:

– Carriedforward value of asset
deficiency to relevant accounts according to the decision;

– Other debts collected;

– Value of collateral or cash
deposit which have been redeemed or paid for;

– Deductions (fines) from cash
deposits shall be aggregated with other expenses;

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

Debit balance:

Other outstanding debts receivable.

This account may have a positive
credit balance: the credit balance reflects the amount collected in excess
of the amount receivable (in special cases).

Account 138 – Other
receivables, comprising three sub-accounts:

– Account 1381 – Unresolved
asset losses: reflecting the value of asset deficiency pending resolution.

– Account 1386 – Pledges and
deposits: reflecting the amount of money or value of property used by the
enterprise as pledges or deposits in other enterprises or organizations in
lawful economic relations.

– Account 1388 – Other
receivables: reflecting receivables of the enterprise other than those
reflected by accounts 131, 133, 136, 1381, 1386, such as: dividends, profits or
interests receivables; compensation for loss of money or assets; etc.

Article 21.
Account 141 – Advances

1. Rules for accounting

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

b) Advance means an amount or
supply given to a person to do business or perform an approved task. The recipients
of advances must be the enterprises’ employees. Regular recipients of advances
(performing supply, management, administrative tasks) must be appointed by the
enterprise’s Director (General Director) in writing.

c) The recipient (an individual or
a group) is responsible for the advance received and the use thereof. If the
advance that remains must be returned to the fund. The advance recipient must
not transfer it to any other person.

When the task is complete, the advance
recipient shall prepare a statement (enclosed with original documents) to fully
reimburse the advance received, used or difference between them (if any). If
the unused advance is not returned, it will be deducted from the recipient’s
salary. If the expenditure is greater than the advance, the enterprise will
cover the difference.

d) The advance given in a tax
period must be completely reimbursed for before the next period’s advance is
given. The accountant must keep records of recipients, provision and
reimbursement of advances.

2. Structure and contents of
account 141 – Advances

Debit:

Advanced money or supplies to
employees by the enterprise.

Credit:

– Reimbursed advances;

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Unused supplies which are
re-stored.

Debit balance:

Unreimbursed advances;

Article 22.
Rules for accounting of inventory

1. The group of inventory accounts
is intended to reflect existing value and changes in inventory of the
enterprise (if the enterprise keeps regular accounts of inventory) or reflect
opening and closing value of inventory in the tax period (if the enterprise
applies the periodic inventory system).

2. Inventory of the enterprise is
purchased assets serving production or for sale in an ordinary course of
business, including:

– Goods in transit;

– Raw materials;

– Tools

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Finished products;

– Goods;

– Deposited goods for sale.

3. The products, goods, supplies,
assets under agreement on storage, deposit, import-export trust, processing,
etc. which are not under ownership and control of the enterprise shall not be
recorded to inventory.

4. Accounting of inventory must
comply with regulations on Vietnamese accounting standard (VAS) “Inventory”
when determining historical cost of inventory, method for calculation of value
of inventory, determination of net realizable value, making provision against
devaluation of inventory and recording costs.

5. Rules for determination of
historical cost of inventory vary according to the type of supplies, goods,
sources and time of pricing.

6. Non-refundable taxes aggregated
with value of inventory include: non-deductible input VAT on inventory, special
excise duty, import duty, environmental protection tax payable when buying
inventory.

– Trade discounts received upon
inventory purchase (including breach of business contracts) must be distributed
among the quantity of goods in stock, goods sold, goods used for business
operation or capital construction.

+ If goods are still in stock, the
discount shall be recorded as a decrease in inventory value;

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

+ If goods in stock are used for
capital construction, the discount shall be recorded as a decrease in capital
construction expenditure.

– Discounts on purchases of
inventory shall be aggregated with financial income.

7. When selling inventory, the
historical cost of sold inventory shall be recorded as operating expenses of the
tax period in conformity with relevant revenues and the nature of transactions.
When inventory is dispatched for promotion or advertisement purposes, the rules
below shall be followed:

a) If the inventory is dispatched
for promotion or advertisement purposes without collecting money and other
conditions (compulsory purchase of goods, etc.), the value of inventory shall
be recorded as selling expenses (sub-account: promotional merchandise);

b) If the inventory is
conditionally dispatched for promotion or advertisement purposes (e.g. buy two,
get one free, etc), accountants shall also record the revenues from promotional
goods; the value of promotion goods shall be recorded as cost (in this case it
is a decrease in the selling price).

c) In the cases where inventory
given to employees as gifts are covered by the welfare fund or as salaries,
accountants shall record the revenues and cost as if ordinary sales. The value
of inventory given as gifts shall be recorded as a decrease to the welfare
fund.

d) Discounts on sale of inventory
shall be recorded as financial expense.

8. When determining value of
inventory dispatched in the period, the enterprise shall applies one of
following methods:

a) Specific identification method:
Because this method is applied according to actual value each purchase and each
article produced, it will only be applied by enterprises having a small amount
of articles or stable supply of goods and price of each shipment is
identifiable.

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

c) “First in, first out method”
(FIFO): This method assumes that inventory purchased or manufactured first is
sold first and the closing value of inventory is the value of those purchased
or manufactured near the end of the accounting period. According to this
method, the value of dispatched inventory shall apply prices of inventory
purchased at or near the beginning of the accounting period; the closing value
of inventory shall apply prices of inventory purchased at or near the end of the
accounting period.

Every inventory costing method has
their certain advantages and disadvantages. The accuracy and reliability of
each method depends on management requirements, standards, proficiency,
calculating equipment or means of information processing of the enterprise. It
also depends on goods preservation requirements, complexity of categories,
specifications and fluctuation of the enterprise’s supplies or goods.

9. Regarding inventory purchased
with foreign currencies, the value of inventory depends on the actual exchange
rates. In the cases where the enterprise pays the seller in advance, the value
of inventory paid in advance shall be recorded at the actual exchange rate at
the time of advance payment; the value of remaining inventory shall be recorded
at the actual exchange rate at the time of recording.

Accounting of foreign
currency-related inventory and handling of exchange differences are specified
in Article 52 of this Circular.

10. At the end of the accounting
period, if the inventory value is not fully recovered due to damage,
obsolescence, decrease in selling prices or increase in product improvement
expenses or selling expense, a decrease in historical cost of inventory which
equals (=) to the net realizable value of inventory shall be recorded. Net
realizable value means the estimated selling price for inventory in an ordinary
course of business minus (-) estimated product improvement expense or selling
expense.

The decrease in historical cost of
inventory which is equal to net realizable value shall be recorded by making
provision against devaluation of inventory. The provision against devaluation
of inventory is the positive difference between the historical cost and the net
realizable value of inventory.

Unrecoverable loss of inventory due
to damage or obsolescence minus (-) provision against devaluation of inventory
(if any) shall be recorded as cost of goods sold in the accounting period.

All differences between provision
against devaluation of inventory made at the end of one accounting period must
be greater than provision made at the end of the previous accounting period;
the loss of inventory minus (-) paid damages and undistributed factory overhead
shall be recorded as cost of goods sold in the period. If the provision against
devaluation of inventory made at the end of one accounting period is smaller
than the provision made at the end of the previous accounting period, the
difference shall be reversed and recorded as a decrease in cost of goods sold
in the period.

11. Inventory value and inventory
in kind must be specifically accounted for in details in terms of categories,
specifications, management and use locations; ensure the conformity between
actual value of supplies or goods and that in the accounting books.

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

12. An enterprise may only apply
one of these two methods for inventory accounting: perpetual inventory system,
or periodic inventory system. The method for inventory accounting shall be
selected within the fiscal year according to the characteristics, quantity,
categories of supplies or goods and management requirements.

Methods for inventory accounting.

a) Perpetual inventory system: This
system is intended to regularly and continuously monitor and update the
inventory on the accounting records. When applying the perpetual inventory
system, inventory accounts shall be used to reflect current quantities,
increases and decreases of supplies or goods. Therefore, the value of inventory
on accounting record may be determined at any time in the accounting period.

At the end of an accounting period,
the physical inventory count shall be compared with data in the ledger. In
principle, the actual inventory count must match data in the ledger. In case of
any difference, the cause must be identified and promptly dealt with. The
perpetual inventory system is usually applied to manufacturing enterprises
(industry enterprises, construction enterprises, etc.) and enterprises trading
in high-value articles such as machinery, devices, high-tech or high-quality
products, etc.

b) Periodic inventory system:

– The periodic inventory system is
intended to update the closing inventory in the general accounting books
according to the physical inventory count and calculate value of goods or
supplies dispatched in the accounting period following this formula:

Value
of goods dispatched

Opening
inventory value

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

Total
value of purchases

–

Closing
inventory value

– According to periodic inventory
system, changes in supplies or goods (receipts, dispatches) shall not be
reflected in inventory accounts. The value of supplies or goods purchased and
received in an accounting period shall be reflected in account 611 “Purchases”.

– The physical inventory count and
determination of value of goods or materials dispatched in each accounting
period (serving production or for sale) shall be conducted at the end of the period
and are as the basis for recording account 611 “Purchases”. When applying
periodic inventory system, inventory accounts shall only be used at the
beginning of the accounting period (for carryforward of opening balance) and at
the end of the accounting period (for recording actual ending inventory).

– This method is usually applied to
enterprises trading in multiple categories of goods or supplies with greatly
different specifications or models, of low value, and are regularly consumed or
sold (at retail outlets, etc). This method is considered simple and easy.
However, accuracy in terms of value of supplies or goods consumed or sold is
affected by the management works.

13. Goods in stock are classified a
supplies, devices or spare parts according to characteristics of the
enterprise’s operation.

14. Cost of transport and storage
of inventory incurred during purchase or production/processing shall be
aggregated with their historical cost. Cost of transport and storage of
inventory related to the sale there of shall be aggregated with selling
expense.

Article 23.
Account 151 – Goods in transit

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

a) This account reflects values of
purchased goods and supplies (raw materials, tools, goods) that are under the
ownership of the enterprise and still in transit, at a port, a depot, a bonded
warehouse or have arrived at the enterprise pending stocking.

b) Goods or supplies considered
owned by the enterprise but not been stocked include:

– Goods or supplies that have been
paid for have been purchased but have not been paid for and are still in the
warehouse of the seller, at a port, a depot or on in transit;

– Goods or materials arrived at the
enterprise pending stocking.

c) Goods in transit shall be
recorded in account 151 at their historical cost.

d) Every day when receiving
purchase invoices before goods are stocked, accountants shall delaying
recording them, compare them with business contract and store invoices in a
separate dossier “Goods in transit”.

When goods are stocked in the
accounting period, they shall be recorded in account 152 “Raw materials”,
account 153 “Tools”, account 156 “Goods” according to warehousing receipts
and sale invoices.

dd) If the goods do not arrive at
the end of the period, they shall be recorded to account 152 “Goods in
transit” according to the sale invoices. The accountant must keep specific
records of goods in transit and sort them by category, shipment and or business
contract.

2. Structure and contents of
account 151 – Goods in transit

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Value of purchased goods or
supplies in transit;

– Carriedforward value of purchased
goods or supplies in transit at the end of the accounting period (if the
enterprise applies the periodic inventory system)

Credit:

– Value of purchased goods or
supplies in transit which are stocked or delivered to customers;

– Carriedforward value of purchased
goods or supplies in transit at the beginning of the accounting period (if the
enterprise applies the periodic inventory system)

Debit balance: Value of
purchased goods or supplies in transit (not stocked).

Article 24.
Account 152 – Raw materials

1. Rules for accounting

a) This account is intended to
record current values, increases and decreases in values of all raw materials
in enterprise’s stock. Raw materials are purchased or produced to serve the
enterprise’s business operation. Raw materials recorded in this account shall
be classified as follows:

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Indirect materials are
materials not incorporated into the final product, but which are combined with
direct materials during the production process to change colors, tastes, shapes
or improve quality of the final product or facilitate the production process,
technology, packaging or preservation; or serve the enterprise’s operation.

– Fuels are any materials
providing heat energy during the production process and facilitate the process
of making usual product. Fuels exist in liquid, solid and gaseous states.

– Spare parts are materials used
for repair of machinery, equipment, vehicle, manufacturing tools, etc.

– Building materials and
equipment are materials and equipment used for basic building tasks. Building
equipment include equipment requiring installation and not requiring
installation, tools, instruments and structures used to installed in the
building works.

b) The received, dispatched and
stocked raw materials in account 152 shall be accounted for according to
historical cost principle. Historical cost of raw materials shall be determined
according to their sources.

– Historical cost of raw
materials include: Buying princes on invoices, non-refundable taxes, cost of
transport, material handling, storage, classification, insurance, etc. of raw
materials from the place of purchase to the enterprise’s warehouse, payments to
purchasing employees, operating expenses of the purchasing department, other
costs related to the purchase of raw materials and acceptable wastage (if any):

+ If VAT on imports is deductible,
the value of purchased raw materials will be exclusive of VAT.

+ If VAT on imports is
non-deductible, the value of purchased raw materials will be inclusive of VAT.

– The historical cost of self-produced
raw materials consists of actual price of raw materials and production costs.

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– The historical cost of raw
materials contributed to as capital to a jointly controlled entity or
joint-stock company is value approved by the cost which all contributors.

c) The value of raw materials
dispatched in an accounting period shall be calculated according to one of
following methods:

– Specific identification method;

– Weighted average method after
each receipt or at the end of the period;

– FIFO method.

The enterprise must apply the
chosen method throughout the accounting period.

d) The raw materials shall be
specifically accounted for and sorted by warehouse and category. In cases where
the enterprise uses the recorded price, the difference coefficient between the
actual price and recorded price of raw materials shall be determined at the end
of the period according to following formula:

Difference
coefficient

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

Actual
price of raw materials purchased in the period

Recorded
price of raw materials at the beginning of the period

Recorded
price of raw materials purchased in the period

Actual
price of raw materials dispatched in the period

Recoded
of raw materials dispatched in the period

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

Difference
coefficient

dd) Raw materials that are not
owned by the enterprise shall not be reflected in this account.

2. Structure and contents of
account 152 – Raw materials

Debit:

– Actual value of purchased raw
materials, self-produced raw materials, raw materials processed by third
parties, raw materials contributed as capital or from other sources;

– Value of excess raw materials
found during stocktaking;

– Carriedforward value raw
materials in stock at the end of the accounting period (if the enterprise
applies the periodic inventory system)

Credit:

– Actual value raw materials
dispatched serving the enterprise’s business operation, for sale, for
processing by third parties or contributed as capital;

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Trade discounts offered when
purchasing raw materials;

– Loss of raw materials found
during stocktaking;

– Carriedforward value of raw
materials in stock at the beginning of the period (if the enterprise applies
the periodic inventory system).

Debit balance:

Actual value of raw materials in
stock at the end of the period.

Article 25.
Account 153 – Tools and instruments

1. Rules for accounting

a) This account reflects current
value, increases and decreases in tools and instruments the enterprise. Tools
and instruments are labor materials that are not qualified as fixed assets.
Thus, tools and instruments shall be managed and recorded similarly to raw
materials. According to effective regulations, the following labor materials
shall be recorded as tools and instruments if they are not qualified as fixed
assets:

– Scaffolding, formwork, tools,
jigs used for construction manufacturing;

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Tools and instruments made of
glass, porcelain, ceramic;

– Management instruments, office
supplies;

– Clothing, footwear designed
exclusively for work, etc.

b) Received, dispatched or stocked
tools and instruments shall be recorded to account 153 at their historical
cost. Rules for determination of historical cost of tools and instruments
received shall comply with regulations on raw materials (see explanation to
account 152).

c) The value of dispatched tools
and instruments shall be determined according to one of following three
methods:

– FIFO method;

– Specific identification method;

– Weighted average method after
each receipt or at the end of the period.

d) Tools and instruments shall be
sorted by warehouse, category and group. Value of dispatched tools and
instruments serving the enterprise’s business operation or for rent be
monitored on the accounting books by place of use, renter and responsible for
persons. Valuable or rare tools and instruments must be preserved using special
methods.

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

e) In case the tools and
instruments, reusable packaging materials or instruments for rent are used by
the enterprise’s to serve its business operation in multiple accounting
periods, they shall be recorded to account 242 “Prepaid expenses” and
gradually aggregated with cost of goods sold or operating expenses depending on
the users.

2. Structure and contents of
account 153 – Tools and instruments

Debit:

– Actual value tools and
instruments purchased, self-produced, processed by third parties or contributed
as capital;

– Value of received tools and
instruments for rent;

– Actual value of excess tools and
instruments found during stocktaking;

– Carriedforward actual value of
tools and instruments in stock at the end of the period (if the enterprise
applies the periodic inventory system)

Credit:

– Actual value of dispatched tools and
instruments serving the enterprise’s business operation, for rent or for
contribution as capital;

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Value of tools and instruments
returned to sellers or given discounts by sellers;

– Value of tools and supplies in
deficiency found during stocktaking;

– Carriedforward actual value of
tools and instruments in stock in the beginning of the period (if the
enterprise applies the periodic inventory system).

Debit balance: Closing
actual value of tools and instruments in stock.

Article 26.
Account 154 – Work in progress

1. Rules for accounting

a) This account reflects to
operating expenses which is the basis for calculation of prime cost of products
or services by enterprises applying the perpetual inventory system. In the
cases where an enterprise applies the periodic inventory system, Account 154
reflects the opening and closing actual value of work in progress.

b) Account 154 “Work in progress”
reflects operating expenses incurred in an accounting period; operating cost of
finished goods/service in an accounting period; opening and closing work in
progress of the primary and secondary business lines, outsourcing to external
manufacturers or service providers. Acc 154 also reflects operating expenses of
manufacturing, processing, or service provision by trading enterprises (if
any).

c) The operating expenses recorded
to 154 shall be sorted by places at which the costs are incurred (workshops,
production units, construction sites, etc.); by categories and groups of
products or product parts; by categories or stages of services.

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Direct costs of raw materials;

– Direct labor cost;

– Costs of construction machinery
(for construction);

– Factory overhead.

dd) The raw materials or labor
costs in excess to the normal rate and undistributed factory overhead shall be
aggregated with cost of goods sold in the tax period instead of inventory
value.

e) At the end of the period, fixed
and variable factory overhead shall be distributed to processing cost per
product according to actual cost incurred.

g) The following items shall not be
recorded to account 154:

– Selling expenses;

– Administration expenses;

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Other expenses;

– Corporate income tax;

– Investment in capital
construction;

– Expenses covered by other
sources.

2. Application of account 154 in
industry

a) Account 154 – “Work in progress”
may be applied to industry to reflect production costs and calculate prime cost
of products of factories or production units. Regarding manufacturers hiring
external processors or service providers, the costs thereof shall also be
recorded to account 154.

b) Only the following items may be
recorded to account 154:

– Cost of raw materials directly
serving production;

– Cost of labor directly serving
production;

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

c) In industrial enterprises,
account 154 shall be recorded by places at which the costs are incurred
(workshops, the production divisions), types or groups of products, products,
or product parts.

d) The difference between the cost
of experimental production and proceeds from liquidation or sale of products of
the experimental production shall be recorded as increase or decrease in capital
construction value.

3. Application of account 154 in
agriculture

a) Account 154 – “Work in progress”
may be applied to agriculture to reflect production costs and calculate prime
cost of products of farming, husbandry, processing or agriculture services.
Items in this account shall be sorted by agriculture sector (farming,
husbandry, processing, etc.), location, category of seedlings and product or
service.

b) Actual prime cost of
agricultural products shall be determined at the end of the crop or the year.
The prime cost shall be calculated in the year in which the products are
harvested. To be specific, if the costs are incurred in one year but products
are harvested in the next, the prime cost shall be calculated in the latter
year.

c) In farming, costs shall be
classified according to 3 following plants:

– Short-day crops (rice, potatoes,
cassava, etc);

– Multi-harvesting single plants
(pineapples, bananas, etc);

– Perennial plants (teas, coffees,
rubbers, peppers, fruit plants, etc).

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

d) The cost of land reclamation,
planting and caring of perennial plants during capital construction stage,
selling expenses, administration expenses, financial expenses and other
expenses shall not be recorded to this account.

dd) In principle, production costs
of agriculture shall be recorded to Dr 154 “Work in progress”. Regarding the
costs related to multiple accounting entities, multiple crops or multiple
periods, they shall be recorded to separate accounts, then distributed to prime
cost of relevant products: cost of irrigation water, the cost of land
preparation and planting of crops harvested several times (this cost is not
investment in capital construction), etc.

e) On the same farming area, if two
or more short-term crops are intercropped, the costs related to each variety
(seeds, cost of planting, harvesting, etc.) shall be recorded separately; costs
of multiple varieties (plowing, irrigation, etc.) shall be distributed
according to farming area or according to certain criteria.

d) Costs of perennial plants, the
progress from tillage, sowing, cultivation to the onset of production
(harvesting or bearing) shall be recorded to account 241 “Capital construction
in progress” similarly to investment in requisition of fixed asset. Costs of
perennial plantations incurred by the enterprise during its operation shall
include the costs of cultivation or harvesting.

h) When recording expenses of
husbandry to the account 154:

– The expenses of animal husbandry
must be sorted by type or group of animal (cattle, pig, etc);

– Young animals of basic livestock
herd after maternal separation shall be kept records at their actual prime
cost;

– Large livestock and fattening
animal shall be recorded to account 154 according to the remaining value of
basic livestock;

– Prime cost in husbandry is
calculated according to: prime cost of 1 kg of milk, 1 standard calf, 1 kg of
meat, daily cost, etc.

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

4. Application of account 154 in
service provision

a) Account 154 “Work in progress”
may be applied provision of transport services, postal services, tourism, other
services, etc. This account is used intended to record costs (direct raw
materials cost, direct labor cost, factory overheads) and prime cost of the
service rendered.

b) Regarding transport industry,
this account is intended to reflect prime cost of road transport (automobiles,
trams, other non-motorized vehicles, etc.) rail transport, waterway transport,
aerial transport, pipeline transport, etc. Account 154 applied to the transport
sector must be kept records in details by category (passenger transport,
freight transport, etc.) and by each enterprise and service provision units.

c) During the transport process,
the tires might be replaced several times because they are worn out more
quickly than the depreciation rate of the car. However, the value of tires
shall be depreciated steadily in each month instead of being included once in
the prime cost of transport. Therefore, a truck transport enterprise may
include the cost of tires to prime cost of transport in advance (payables)
every period in accordance with applicable financial regulations.

d) Costs of raw materials, direct
labour costs in excess of the normal rate and fixed factory overheads which are
undistributed shall be included in cost of goods sold in the accounting period
instead of prime cost of products.

dd) Regarding tourism industry,
this account is intended to separately record tourism services such as: tour
guiding, hotel services, tourist transport, etc.

e) Regarding hotel business,
account 154 is intended used to separately record each service such as: food
and drink, accommodation, entertainment, other services (laundry, haircuts,
telegram, sports, etc).

5. Application of account 154 in
construction

a) Because a construction
enterprise only applies the perpetual inventory system instead of the periodic
inventory system, account 154 is only reflects operating expenses which are the
basis for determination of prime cost of products or services of the
enterprise.

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

c) This account is used to monitor:

– Construction and installation:
reflecting expenses, prime cost of construction products and value of
construction in progress at the end of the period;

– Other products: reflecting
expenses, prime cost of other products and value of other products in progress
at the end of the period (finished goods, structural elements, etc.);

– Services: reflecting expenses,
prime cost of services and cost of service in progress at the end of the
period;

– Construction warranty
expenses: reflecting expenses of construction and installation warranty
incurred in the period and the value of construction in progress under warranty
at the end of the period.

d) The production cost, prime cost
of a construction product depends on the building work, work item and unit
prices specified in the cost estimate, including:

– Materials cost;

– Labor cost;

– Costs of heavy-duty machinery;

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

Factory overheads shall be recorded
to Dr 1541 “Construction”, which consist of only overheads derived from the
contractor or construction site. The administration expenses of a construction
enterprise (as a part of overheads) shall be recorded to Dr 642
“Administration expenses”. Those expenses shall be transferred to Dr
911 “Evaluation of business results” and included in the prime cost of the
construction product and sold within the period.

dd) The investor of the property
construction shall use this account to record cost of construction of finished
property. In the cases where a piece of real property has multiple purposes
(office, for lease or sale, e.g. mix-used buildings), it is required to follow
rules below:

– If there are sufficient evidence
for separately recording the cost of construction of the property for sale
(finished property) and cost of construction of real estate for lease or for
use as offices (fixed assets or investment assets), they must be separately
recorded account 154. The cost of construction of fixed assets or investment
assets must be recorded to account 241 – Construction in progress.

– If the aforementioned costs
cannot be separately recorded, accountants shall record relevant costs to
account 241. When the project is complete and put into operation, accountants
shall carryforward the construction cost appropriate according to the use of
each type of asset.

e) The provision for construction
warranty shall be aggregated with operating expenses of each period. When the
warranty expires and the provision is greater than the warranty cost, the
difference shall be recorded as an increase in other incomes of the period.
Otherwise, the difference shall be aggregated with cost of goods sold in the
period.

g) Unrecoverable cost of a
construction and installation contract recovered (e.g. legally unfeasible or
doubtful validity, or clients’ failure to fulfill their obligations …) shall
be recorded as cost of goods sold in the period.

h) Proceeds from the sale of excess
raw materials, liquidation of construction machinery and equipment upon
termination of the construction contract shall be recorded as a decrease in
operating expenses.

i) Direct raw materials:

– Items of direct raw materials
consist of: Actual value of main materials, subsidiary materials, component
parts on dismantled parts, circulated materials incorporated in construction
products, or assist in implementation and performance of the construction work
(not including subsidiary materials for machinery and operation facilities, and
main materials expenses included in overheads).

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– At the end of the accounting
period or when the construction work is completed, remaining material at the
production site (if any) shall undergo inventory count and be recorded as a
decrease in costs of direct materials for construction.

– If calculation of the direct
material cost of each building work or work item is not possible, the
enterprise may allocate the materials among them according to appropriate
criteria for (in proportion to consumption rate of materials, etc.).

k) Cost of construction machinery:

– The of construction machinery include
costs of machinery serving performance of construction and installation tasks
by machine. Construction machinery means machines directly serving construction
and installation. such as machinery running on steam, diesel, petrol,
electricity, etc. (including those serving construction and installation).

– Costs of construction machinery
consist of regular costs and temporary costs. Regular costs include costs of
machine operators, costs of tools and instruments, depreciation of fixed
assets, costs of external services (minor repairs, electricity and water
supply, insurance, etc.) and other costs in cash.

– Temporary costs include costs of
major repairs (overhaul, etc.) which must not be recorded as an increase in
cost of construction machine; Costs of temporary works for operating machine
(huts, sheds, platforms, rails) may incur in advance (record to Dr 242) and
then gradually included in Dr 154, or incur later and included in advance to
cost of construction in the period. In this case, accrued expense shall be
recorded to Cr 352 “Provision for liabilities”, Dr 154: cost of construction
machinery.

l) Factory overheads:

Factory overheads reflects
production costs of a construction team or construction site, including:
salaries of factory management staff, construction teams, social insurance,
health insurance, unemployment insurance, occupational accident insurance,
trade union fees deducted from salaries of machine operators and managers;
depreciation of fixed assets and relevant costs.

6. Structure and contents of
account 154 – Work in progress

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Direct raw materials costs,
direct labor costs, costs of construction machinery, factory overheads incurred
in an accounting period related to production and costs of service provision;

– Direct raw materials costs,
direct labor costs, costs of construction machinery, factory overheads incurred
in an accounting period which is related to fixed prime cost;

– Carriedforward work in progress
at the end of the period (if the enterprise applies the periodic inventory
system).

Credit:

– Actual prime cost of manufactured
products which are stocked, delivered for sale, internally consumed or used for
capital construction;

– Prime cost of construction
products that are finished and partially or fully transferred in the period; or
transferred to main contractor (superior or internal unit), or prime cost of
finished construction products pending consumption.

– Actual expenses of services
rendered;

– Value of returned scraps; value
of damaged products which are not repairable;

– Value of processed and stocked
materials and goods;

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Carriedforward work-in-progress
at beginning of the period (in case business applies the periodical inventory
system).

Debit balance: Closing work
in progress.

Article 27.
Account 155 – Finished goods inventory

1. Rules for accounting

a) This account reflects current
values, increases and decreases of finished goods of the enterprise. Finished
goods inventory are products which have been completely undergone the
manufacturing process by the enterprise or an external processor, satisfy
technical standards and are stocked.

In export entrustment, this account
is only used by the trustor, not by trustee

b) The finished goods produced by
primary and secondary production units of the enterprise must be assessed
according to their prime cost (historical cost), including: direct raw
materials cost, direct labor cost, factory overhead and relevant costs.

c) The items must not be included
in the historical cost of finished goods:

– Costs of raw materials, labor and
other operating expenses in excess to the normal rate;

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Selling expenses;

– Administration expenses;

d) Finished goods processed by
external processors shall be assessed according the prime cost of processing,
including: direct raw materials cost, outsourcing cost and relevant costs.

dd) The value of finished goods
shall be calculated using one of the following methods: specific identification
method; weight average method; FIFO method.

e) In cases where the enterprise
applies the periodic inventory system, finished goods received and dispatched
shall be recorded daily according to the recorded price, which may be intended
price or buying price. At the end of the period, the prime cost of finished
products stocked and difference between the actual prime cost and recorded
price of finished goods (including the opening difference) must be calculated
as the basis for calculation of actual prime cost of finished goods received
and dispatched in the period (using the formula provided in account 152 “Raw
materials”).

g) Finished goods shall be recorded
and sorted by warehouse, category and group.

2. Structure and contents of
account 155 – Finished goods

Debit:

– Value of finished goods stocked;

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Carriedforward actual price of
finished products in stock at the end of the period (if the enterprise applies
the periodic inventory system)

Credit:

– Actual cost of dispatched
finished goods;

– Value of loss of finished goods
found during stocktaking;

– Carriedforward actual price
finished goods in stock at the beginning of the period (if the enterprise applies
the periodic inventory system)

Debit balance: Actual value
of finished goods in stock at the end of the period.

Article 28.
Account 156 – Merchandise inventory

1. Rules for accounting

a) This account reflects current
value, increases and decreases in merchandise inventory of an enterprise,
including merchandise in stock and real estate. Merchandise means supplies and
products purchased by an enterprise for sale (wholesale or retail). Merchandise
purchased both for sale and serving the enterprise’s operation shall be
recorded to account 156 “Merchandise inventory”

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

b) The following merchandise shall
not be recorded to account 156 “Merchandise inventory”:

– Consignment goods sold or kept on
behalf of other enterprises;

– Purchased raw materials, tools
and instruments serving the enterprise’s business operation (recorded to
account 152 “Raw materials” or account 153 “Tools and instruments”,
etc).

– Finished products manufactured by
the enterprise (record to account 155 “Finished products”).

c) Received, dispatched or stocked
merchandise inventory recorded to account 156 shall be according to historical
cost principle. The historical cost of purchased merchandise consists of:
buying price, buying expenses (transport, material handling, storage,
insurance, etc.), import duty, special excise tax, environmental protection tax
(if any), VAT on imports goods (if not deductible). If the enterprise buys
merchandise for reselling but they must be processed, prepared, refurbished or
classified for to increase their value and merchantability, the merchandise
value shall include processing/preparation cost.

– The historical cost of purchased
merchandise varies according to their sources.

– To calculate the value of
merchandise dispatched, the accountant may apply one of following methods:

+ FIFO method;

+ Specific identification method;

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Special entities (e.g.
supermarkets) may determine the closing value of inventory using retail
inventory method. With this method, the value of merchandise dispatched shall
be determined according to the selling price of inventory minus (-) profit
margin (determined by the enterprise) in an appropriate ratio (%). Possible
devaluation of merchandise may be taken into account when determining the
aforesaid ratio. Each retailer usually uses their own ratio.

– The cost of merchandise purchase in
a period may be directly aggregated with historical cost of inventory or
distributed to goods sold in the period and closing inventory. The criteria on
distribution of purchase cost depend on the enterprise’s conditions and must be
consistent.

d) When buying merchandise
accompanied with accessories or spare parts (for replacement), the accountant
must determine and separately record the values of such accessories or spare
parts. The value of stocked merchandise is exclusive of the value of
accessories and spare parts.

dd) The merchandise inventory shall
be sorted by warehouse, category and group.

e) If the enterprise is a
distributor that receives goods without paying the manufacturer for advertising
or sale promotion:

– When receiving merchandise
without paying the manufacturer for advertising or sale promotion, the
distributor must keep track of the quantity of merchandise in its system and
specify the quantity of merchandise received and merchandise used for sale
promotion on the notes to financial statement.

– If the manufacturer does not
request the return of remaining promotional merchandise after the end of the
sale promotion program, the value of the merchandise retained shall be recorded
as other incomes.

2. Structure and contents of
account 156 – Merchandise inventory

Debit:

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Buying expenses;

– Value of merchandise processed by
external processors (comprising buying price and processing cost);

– Value of goods returned by
buyers;

– Value of excess merchandise found
during stocktaking;

– Value of real estate purchased or
converted from investment property;

– Carriedforward value of inventory
at the end of the period (if the enterprise applies the periodic inventory
system).

Credit:

– Value of dispatched merchandise
for sale, delivery to agents, affiliated units; processed by external
processors; or used for the enterprise’s business operation;

– Buying expenses distributed to
merchandise sold in the period;

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để sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.

Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Discounts on purchased
merchandise;

– Value of goods returned to
sellers;

– Value of loss of merchandise
found during stocktaking;

– Value of real estate sold or
converted into investment property, owner’s property or fixed assets;

– Carriedforward value of inventory
at the beginning of the period (if the enterprise applies the periodic
inventory system).

Debit balance: Historical
cost of inventory.

Article 29.
Account 157 – Goods on consignment

1. Rules for accounting

a) Goods on consignment reflected
by account 157 shall be recorded according to historical cost principle. The
account 157 “Goods on consignment” only reflects value of goods or finished
goods sent by the enterprise (consignor) to customers or agents (consignees),
services rendered under contracts or orders but are not considered “sold” (not
included in revenue from sale of goods in the period).

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

c) The cost of transport, material
handling, payment on behalf of customers, etc. shall not be recorded to this account.
The account 157 may sort goods and finished goods on consignment and rendered
services by customer and consignee.

2. Structure and contents of
account 157 – Goods on consignment

Debit:

– Value goods and finished goods
sent to customers and consignees;

– Value of services rendered to
customers but they are not considered “sold”;

– Carriedforward value of goods or
finished goods on consignment that are not considered “sold” at the end of the
period (if the consignor applies the periodic inventory system).

Credit:

– Value of goods, finished goods on
consignment, rendered services that are considered “sold”;

– Value of goods, finished goods
and services sent or rendered and returned by customers;

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

Debit balance:

Value of goods and finished goods
on consignment and rendered services considered “sold” in the period.

Article 30.
Rules for accounting of fixed assets, investment property and construction in
progress

1. Fixed assets, investment
property and construction in progress must be monitored, recorded, managed and
used in accordance with applicable regulations of law.

2. The sources of fixed assets
shall be monitored as the basis of depreciation following the rules below:

– If the fixed assets are acquired
from loan or owner’s equity and serve the enterprise’s business operation,
their depreciation shall be aggregated with operating expenses;

– If the fix assets are derived
from the welfare fund or science and technology development fund, their
depreciation shall be recorded as decreases in such funds.

3. Fixed assets and investment
property shall be classified according to their purposes. If an asset is used
for multiple purposes, e.g. a mixed-use building for offices, lease and sale,
its fair value (every part) shall be estimated in conformity with its purposes.

– If a major part of the asset is
used for a specific purpose that is different from those of the other parts,
the entire asset shall be classified according to such major part;

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

4. Fixed assets, investment
property and construction in progress related to foreign currencies shall be
accounted for in accordance with Article 52 of this Circular.

Article 31.
Account 211 – Fixed assets

1. Rules for accounting:

a) This account is reflect current
value, decreases and increases in costs of total tangible fixed assets and
intangible fixed assets owned by the enterprise and finance lease assets.

1.1. Fixed assets are labor
materials in physical or material and immaterial forms and qualified as fixed
assets (except some special assets).

a) Tangible fixed assets mean
assets in material forms that are owned by the enterprise, serving its business
operation or other activities and meet all tangible fixed asset criteria.

Standalone Tangible assets, parts
incorporated in a system which will not be functional without any of those
parts will be considered fixed assets if they satisfy all of the following
conditions:

– Future economic benefits will
surely be obtained;

– Their costs are reliably
determined;

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Their values are conformable with
applicable regulations.

In the cases where parts of a
system have different useful life and the system is still functional without certain
parts and each part must be separately managed, each part will be considered a
separate tangible fixed asset if it satisfies all four fixed asset criteria.

Each working animal or producing
animal will be considered a separate tangible fixed asset if it satisfies all
four fixed asset criteria.

Each piece of perennial plantation
or perennial plant will be considered a separate tangible fixed asset if it
satisfies all four fixed asset criteria.

b) Intangible fixed assets are
assets without physical form but the value of which can be determined and which
are held and used by the enterprises in their business or leased out to other
entities and satisfy all intangible fixed asset criteria.

An intangible asset will be
considered an intangible fixed asset if it satisfies all four criteria
specified in (a).

c) Finance lease assets.

– Finance lease: a lease where the
lessor transfers most of the risks and benefits associated with the asset
ownership to the lessee. Ownership of the asset may be transferred at the end
of the lease term.

– Cases that usually lead to a
finance lease contract:

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

+ At the inception of the lease,
the lessee has an option to purchase the asset at a price which is expected to
lower than the fair value of the asset upon expiration of the lease term;

+ The lease term makes up the major
part of the economic life of the asset even its ownership title is not
transferred;

+ At the inception of the lease,
the rent makes up the most part of the fair value of the asset;

+ The leased asset is of a special
category which can only be used by the lessee without any major modification or
repair.

– An asset lease contract shall be
considered a finance lease contract if it meets at least one of three criteria
below:

+ The lessee terminates the
contract and pay damages to the lessor;

+ The lessee makes an income from
or loss on change of remaining fair value of the asset;

+ The lessee is able to continue
leasing the asset after the lease contract expires at a rent lower than the
market rent. Lease of assets which are land use rights (LUR) shall be
classified as operating lease.

– Finance lease assets are fixed
assets that are not owned by the enterprise but the enterprise is responsible
for its management and uses them as if they are owned by it.

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

1.2.1. Tangible fixed asset

a) The cost of a tangible fixed
asset purchase comprises buying price (excluding discounts), taxes (excluding
refundable taxes) and directly attributable costs of putting the asset into the
ready-for-use state such as site preparation, initial delivery and material
handling, installation or testing (excluding value of products or scraps
obtained from testing), payments for experts and directly attributable costs.
Interest expense incurred upon purchased of a finished fixed asset, which can
be used immediately without installation or testing) shall not be capitalized
as cost of fixed assets.

– The cost of a purchased tangible
fixed asset paid by instalment equals (=) asked price (original lump sum price)
plus (+) directly attributable costs of putting such asset into the
ready-for-use state (excluding refundable taxes). The difference between the
instalment price and asked price shall be gradually included in operating
expenses according to the payment schedule.

– Cost fixed assets that are real
estate: When buying a piece of real property, the value of LUR and property on
land shall be separated as prescribed by law. The property on land shall be recorded
to as tangible fixed assets; the LUR value shall be recorded as an intangible
fixed asset or accrued expense as the case may be.

b) Costs of tangible fixed assets
derived from capital construction

– The cost of a fixed asset under
contract awarding equals the final price for the building work plus (+)
relevant costs and registration fee (if any). The cost of a fixed asset which
is a working animal, producing animal or perennial plantation equals (=) total
expenditure on such animal or plantation plus (+) relevant direct costs.

– Self-constructed or self-produced
tangible fixed assets:

The cost of a self-constructed
tangible fixed asset is the final value of the building work when it is put
into operation. In the cases where a fixed asset is put into operation without
a financial statement, the enterprise shall record the provisional cost of the
fixed asset according to the construction costs. After the financial statement
is approved, the difference (if any) will be recorded as an increase or decrease
to the cost of the fixed asset.

The cost of a self-produced
tangible fixed asset equals (=) the actual prime cost of the asset plus (+)
relevant direct costs of putting such asset into the ready-for-use state.

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

c) The cost of a tangible fixed
asset purchased in the form of exchange for a dissimilar tangible fixed asset
or another asset shall be determined according to the fair value of the
tangible fixed asset received or the fair value of the offered asset after
adjusting the cash amounts or cash equivalents which are additionally paid or
received plus (+) directly attributable costs of putting such asset into
ready-for-use state (excluding refundable taxes).

The cost of a tangible fixed asset
purchased in the form of exchange for similar one, or possibly formed through
its sale in exchange for ownership of a similar asset (similar assets are those
with similar utilities, in the same business field and having equivalent
value). In this case, no profit or loss is recorded during the exchange. The
cost of the fixed asset received equals (=) the remaining value of the offered
asset.

d) The cost of a transferred
tangible fixed asset equals (=) remaining book value provided by the transferor
or actual value verified by the transfer council or a professional valuation
organization plus (+) directly attributable costs (transport, material
handling, upgrade, installation, testing, registration fee, etc,. paid by the
transferee by the time the asset is put into the ready-for-use state.

dd) The cost of a tangible fixed
asset contributed as capital or returned as capital is the value assessed by
founding members/partners or shareholders or agreed by the enterprise and the
contributor or assessed by a professional valuation organization and approved
by the founding members/partners or shareholders.

e) The cost of a tangible fixed
asset which is in surplus or donated equals (=) actual value assessed by the
transfer council or a professional valuation organization plus (+)
directly-attributable expenses (transport, material handling, installation,
testing or registration fee paid by the recipient by the time the asset is put
into the ready-to-use state)

1.2.2. Finance lease fixed assets

a) The cost of a finance lease
asset equals (=) fair value of the asset or current minimum rent (if the fair
value is greater than minimum rent) plus (+) initial direct costs of finance
lease. If input VAT is deductible, the minimum rent is exclusive of VAT payable
to the lessor.

When calculating the minimum rent,
the enterprise may use the implicit interest rate or interest rate stated in
the lease contract or the incremental borrowing interest rate of the lessee.

b) Non-deductible VAT on a finance
lease fixed asset shall be recorded as follows:

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– If input VAT is paid by
instalment, it will be recorded to operating expenses in the period according
to depreciation of the finance lease asset.

c) Finance lease liabilities
recorded to account 3412 are exclusive of input VAT.

d) Values of operating lease assets
shall not be recorded to this account.

1.2.3. Intangible fixed assets

The cost of an intangible fixed
asset comprises all costs incurred by the enterprise to acquire such intangible
fixed asset by the expected time the asset is put into use.

a) The cost of an intangible fixed
asset paid at asked prices, paid by instalment or by exchange, intangible fixed
asset donated or contributed as capital or received as capital, intangible
fixed asset in surplus, etc. shall be determined in accordance with 1.2.1.

b) The cost of an intangible fixed
asset acquired by exchange or payment with financial instruments is the fair
value stated of such financial instruments.

c) The cost of an intangible fixed
asset which is LUR is the payment for such LUR (including payments to the
transferor, cost of land clearance, compensation, land leveling, registration
fee, etc.) or the amount agreed by contracting parties when contributing
capital. The determination of LUR as an intangible fixed asset shall comply
with relevant regulations of law.

d) If an asset is qualified as an
intangible fixed asset, the cost incurred during the development stage will be
recorded to account 241 “Construction in progress” (2412). At the end of the
development stage, it shall be recorded Dr 2113 “Intangible fixed
assets”. If it is not qualified as an intangible fixed asset, the cost
shall be included in operating expenses in the period or distributed as
prescribed by law.

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

e) The cost related to an
intangible asset recorded by the enterprise to determine the business
performance of the previous period must not be recorded again as its cost.

g) Trademarks, brand names,
distribution right, customer list and similar items established by the
enterprise shall not be recorded as intangible fixed assets.

1.3. Calculation and depreciation
of fixed assets shall comply with effective regulations of law.

The lessee shall periodically
include depreciation of finance lease assets in the enterprise’s operating
expenses on the basis of a consistent depreciation policy. If it not certain
that the lessee shall acquire the ownership of the asset upon expiration of the
lease term, the leased asset shall be depreciated according to the lease term
if the lease term is shorter than the useful life of the leased asset.

1.4. Any cost related to intangible
fixed assets incurred after initial recognition must be recorded as operating
expenses in the period, unless it satisfies all of the following criteria, in
which case such cost will be recorded as an increase in the cost of the
intangible fixed asset:

– The cost possibly causes the
fixed asset to generate more future economic benefits than the original level;

– The cost is certain and
associated with a specific intangible asset.

Costs incurred after initial
recognition related to purchased assets that are trademarks, brand names,
distribution right, customer list and similar items in nature are always
recorded as operating expenses in the period.

1.5. In the cases where a purchased
fixed asset consists of a building or structure associated with LUR, the value
of the building or structure has to be separately recorded as cost of tangible
fixed asset (account 2111) and value of LUR as cost of intangible fixed asset
(account 2113)

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

1.7. Any increase or decrease in
tangible fixed assets must be made into a written document and all procedures
have to be completed.

1.8. Tangible fixed assets must be
specific in terms of category and location. To be specific:

– Tangible fixed assets include:
houses, structures, machinery, equipment, transmission devices, management
instruments, perennial plants, working animals, producing animals and other
tangible fixed assets.

– Intangible fixed assets include:
distribution rights, copyrights, patent, trademarks, software programs,
licenses and franchises; other intangible fixed assets.

1.9. Decrease in quantity of fixed
assets of an enterprise due to sale, liquidation, losses, transferred to other
enterprises, disassembly, etc. In any case of decrease in quantity of fixed
assets, accountants shall follow all procedures and accurately determine the
loss and income (if any). Relevant documents shall be recorded as follows:

– In case of sale of a fixed asset
serving the enterprise’s business operation, the fixed asset sold is usually
unnecessary or ineffective. All procedures prescribed by law must be followed
when selling a fixed asset.

– A liquidated fixed asset is one
that is no longer usable, technologically obsolete or no longer suitable for
the enterprise’s operation. When liquidating a fixed asset, the enterprise must
issue a liquidation decision and establish a liquidation council. The
liquidation council shall organize the liquidation in accordance with
procedures and issue a liquidation report.

The revenues shall record the
liquidation similarly to fixed asset sale according to the liquidation report
and relevant documents.

1.10. The cause of any shortage or
surplus of tangible fixed assets must be identified. The shortage or surplus
must be accurately and promptly recorded according to the fixed asset inventory
report and the verdict issued by the inventory council:

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– If the surplus is due to
omission, an increase in fixed assets shall be recorded on a case-by-case
basis.

– If the excess fixed asset is
owned by another enterprise, such enterprise must be promptly notified. The
asset will be kept by the accountant before it is returned to its owner.

– If the owner of an excess fixed
asset is not identified, it will be recorded as an increase in other income
according to its fair value.

b) In case of shortage of fixed
assets, the cause and responsible person must be identified and properly dealt
with.

Accountants shall determine the
cost, depreciation of the fixed asset as the basis for recording a decrease in
fixed assets.

2. Structure and contents of
account 211 – Fixed assets

Debit:

– Increases in costs of fixed
assets due to purchase or exchange of fixed assets, completion of capital
construction, capital contribution, donation, etc.

– Increases in costs of fixed
assets due to construction and installation, upgrade or reassessment.

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Decreases in fixed assets due to
transfer, exchange, sale, liquidation or contribution as capital to other
entities, etc.

– Decreases costs of fixed assets
due to removal of certain parts or reassessment.

Debit balance:

Closing fixed assets cost.

Account 211 –Fixed assets
comprising three sub-accounts:

– Account 2111 – Tangible fixed
assets: reflecting current value, decreases and increases in costs of all
tangible fixed assets owned by the enterprise.

– Account 2112 – Finance lease assets:
reflecting costs of fixed assets leased by the enterprise in the form of
finance lease.

– Account 2113 –
Intangible fixed assets: reflecting current value, decreases and increases in
costs of all intangible fixed assets owned by the enterprise.

Article 32.
Account 214 – Depreciation of fixed assets

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

a) This account reflects increases
and decreases in depreciation value and accumulated depreciation of fixed
assets and investment property due to depreciation of fixed assets, investment
property and other increases or decreases in depreciation of fixed assets or
investment property.

b) In principle, all fixed assets
or investment property for lease by the enterprise related to its business
operation (including unused, unnecessary or liquidation-pending assets) must be
depreciated as prescribed in regulations in force. The depreciation of fixed
assets serving the enterprise’s business operation and depreciation of
investment property shall be recorded as operating expenses in the period;
depreciation of unused, unnecessary, or liquidation-pending fixed assets shall
be recorded as other expenses. It is not required that depreciation of fixed
assets used for welfare purposes be recorded as operating expenses but as
decrease in the source of such fixed assets.

c) Pursuant to regulations of law
and the enterprise’s requirements, one of depreciation method suitable for
every fixed asset and investment property and the enterprise’s financial
capacity shall be applied chosen in order to develop the business and ensure
capital recoupment.

The depreciation method chosen must
be applied consistently and may be changed in case of change in economic
benefits from fixed assets or investment property.

d) The useful life and depreciation
method must be re-considered at least at the end of every fiscal year. If the
estimated useful life of the asset is significantly different from the previous
estimated one, the useful life must be adjusted accordingly. The method for
depreciation of fixed assets shall be changed once in case of significant
change in economic benefits of the fixed assets. In such case, the depreciation
of the current year and succeeding years shall be adjusted and they shall be
explained in the financial statement.

dd) If a fixed asset is fully
depreciated but still functional, its depreciation must be terminated. If a
fixed asset is not fully depreciated but is damaged and pending liquidation, it
is required to identify the cause and responsibility for compensation; and the
remaining value of the fixed asset which has not been recovered or compensated
shall be covered by the proceeds from its liquidation and the compensation
decided by enterprise’s manager. If the proceeds from liquidation or
compensation is not enough to cover the remaining value of the fixed asset, the
difference shall be considered a loss on fixed asset liquidation and recorded
as other expenses.

e) Depreciation of intangible fixed
assets shall depend on their useful time (according to the contract, agreement
or decision of the competent agency)

g) Regarding finance lease assets,
the lessee must depreciate them over the lease term and recorded them as
operating expenses in order to fully recoup capital.

h) Investment property for
operating lease shall be depreciated and recorded as cost of goods sold in the
period. The enterprise may estimate the depreciation time of similar real
estate used by the owner to determine the depreciation time and depreciation
method for its investment property. If an investment property is held for
capital appreciation, the enterprise shall not depreciate it but determine the
loss due to depreciation. When there is evidence that the price of investment
property increases, the enterprise may record such increase, which must not
exceed the original cost of the investment property.

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

Debit: Decreases in
depreciation of fixed assets, investment property liquidated, sold, transferred
to affiliated units, stakes in other entities, etc.

Credit: Increases in
depreciation of fixed assets and investment property etc.

Debit balance: Closing
accrued depreciation of existing fixed assets and investment property of the
enterprise.

Account 214 – Depreciation of
fixed assets, comprising four sub-accounts:

– Account 2141 – Depreciation of
tangible fixed assets: reflecting depreciation of tangible fixed asset,
increases and decreases thereof.

– Account 2142 – Depreciation of
finance lease assets: reflecting depreciation of tangible fixed assets,
increases and decreases thereof.

– Account 2143 – Depreciation of
intangible fixed assets: reflecting depreciation of intangible fixed asset,
increases and decreases thereof.

– Account 2147 – Depreciation of
investment property: reflecting depreciation of investment property during the
operating lease process, increases and decrease thereof.

Article 33.
Account 217 – Investment property

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

1.1 This account reflects current
value, increases and decreases in investment property of an enterprise
according to their costs, which are accounted for similarly to fixed assets.
Investment property includes LUR, building, part of a building or both land and
building, infrastructure held by the owner or by the lessee under a finance
lease contract to earn rentals or for capital appreciation, rather than for:

– Serving the enterprise’s business
operation; or

– Sale in the ordinary course of
business.

1.2. This account reflects real
estate qualified as investment property. Property held for sale in the ordinary
course of business or being built for sale in the near future, real estate used
by the owner, unfinished real estate intended to be used as investment property
in the future shall not be recorded to this account.

Investment property shall be
recognised as an asset when both of the following conditions are met:

– Future economic benefits
associated with the investment property are certain;

– The cost of the investment
property can be reliably determined.

1.3. A piece of investment property
shall be recorded to this account at its cost. The cost of an investment
property means the amount of cash or cash equivalents paid or the fair value of
other consideration given to acquire the investment property at the time of its
acquisition or construction.

– The cost of a piece of investment
property shall be determined on a case-by-case basis as follows:

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

+ In case of payment by instalment,
the cost of the investment property shall be the asked price. The difference
between the instalment price and asked price shall be recorded as financial
expense, unless it is included in the cost of the investment property;

+ The cost of self-constructed
investment property is its actual prime cost of and directly attributable costs
on its completion date;

– The following items must not be
included in the cost of investment property:

+ Start-up costs (unless they are
necessary to bring the property to its ready-to-use state);

+ Costs incurred when the property
is put into operation for the first time until its operation is stable as
expected.

1.4. Subsequent expenditures
related to the investment property shall be recorded as operating expenses in
the period, unless it is certain that they will reap future economic benefits
more than the initially assessed operation, in which case they may be recorded
as increases in the cost of the investment property.

1.5. During the operating lease
period, the investment property must be depreciated and such depreciation shall
be recorded to cost of goods sold in the period (including suspension period).
The enterprise may estimate the useful life and determine the appropriate
depreciation method according to similar owner-occupied property.

– In the cases where the enterprise
records revenues from the total advance payment for the lease of the investment
property, accountants shall estimate the corresponding cost (including the
pre-determined depreciation).

– The cost of an investment
property for lease consists of investment property depreciation and directly
attributable costs such as: outsourcing expense, payment for the property
managers, depreciation of auxiliary works serving the investment property
lease.

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

1.7. With regard to purchased
investment property which must be built, renovated or upgraded before use for
investment purposes, its value, buying expenses , costs of purchasing and
construction, renovation or upgrade shall be recorded to account 241
“Construction in progress”. Upon completion of the construction, renovation or
upgrading process, the cost of the investment property must be determined and
transferred to account 217 “Investment property”.

1.8. The conversion of
owner-occupied property into investment property or from investment property into
owner-occupied property or inventory shall be made only if there is a change in
its purposes such as:

– The investment property shall be
converted into owner-occupied property when the owner begins to use it;

– The investment property shall be
converted into inventory when the owner begins to sell it;

– The owner-occupied property shall
be converted into investment property when the owner stops using it and leases
it out to another party;

– Inventory shall be converted into
investment property when the owner begins to lease it out to another party;

– A real estate shall be converted
into investment property when it is completed, transferred and put into
investment.

The conversion between investment
property and owner-occupied property or inventory does not change the book
value and cost of the converted property in assessment or preparation of
financial statements.

1.9. When the enterprise decides to
sell an investment property without repair, renovation or upgrade, the
investment property will be recorded to account 217 “Investment property” until
it is sold (not converted into inventory).

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

1.11. A decrease in investment
property shall be recorded when:

– A piece of investment property is
converted into inventory or owner-occupied property;

– A piece of investment property is
sold or liquidated;

– The finance lease term expires
and the investment property is returned to the lessor.

1.12. Each enterprise shall compile
a list of investment property for lease or held for capital appreciation,
depreciate them or determine loss consistently in the fiscal year.

2. Structure and contents of
account 217 – Investment property

Debit: Increases in costs of
investment property in the period.

Credit: Decreases in costs
of investment property in the period.

Debit balance: Closing costs
of existing investment property.

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

1. Rules for accounting

1.1. This account reflects capital
contributions to other entities and recoupment thereof.

Capital contributions include:

a) Capital contribution to jointly
controlled entities and associate companies

– This account reflects capital
contributed to jointly controlled entities and associate companies and
recoupment thereof. This account does not reflect transactions under business
cooperation contract (BCC) without establishment of a legal entity.

– A jointly controlled entity is
established by jointly controlled entities who have joint control over
financial and operating policies and is an affiliated unit having legal status.
The jointly controlled entity must do accounting separately as prescribed in
regulations of applicable accounting laws, take responsibility for control of
its assets, liabilities, revenues, other income and expenses. Each jointly
controlled entity shall receive a portion of operating outcome of the joint
venture according to the jointly controlled entity agreement.

– An investment shall be classified
as investment in an associate company when the investor directly or indirectly
holds from 20% to under 50% voting shares of the investee without any other
agreement or the investor has significant influence over the investee.

– When the investor no longer has
joint control, a decrease in investment in jointly controlled entities shall be
recorded; When the investor no longer has significant influence over the
investee or the holding of the investee’s voting shares is not sufficient, a
decrease in investment in associate companies shall be recorded.

– Directly attributable costs of
sale or liquidation of investments in jointly controlled entities or associate
companies shall be recorded as financial expenses incurred in the period.

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

b) Other Investments include
investments in equity instruments of other entities without acquisition of
joint control, significant influence over the investee; Investments in the form
of gold, silver, rare metals, gemstones shall not be classified as inventory.

1.2. An investment shall be
recorded at its historical cost which comprises buying price plus (+) directly
attributable costs (if any), such as transactions, brokerage, consultancy,
auditing, fees, taxes and banking fees, etc. In case of investment of a
non-monetary asset, the cost of the investment shall be recorded according to
the fair value of the non-monetary asset at that time.1.3. In the cases where
an investors buys a stake in a jointly controlled entity or associate company,
the price of the stake recorded by the investor shall comprise its fair value
on the transaction date, debts that are paid or recognized, equity instruments
in exchange of control of the jointly controlled entity and significant
influence over the associate company plus (+) directly attributable costs.

1.4. Forms of investment:

a) Capital contribution in other
entities (raised by the investee): The contributor’s assets shall be recorded
in the investee’s financial position statement.

b) Purchase of stake (purchase of
owner’s equity): The buyer’s assets (the investor or transferee) shall be
transferred to the seller (the transferor) without being recorded in the
financial position statement of the instrument issuer (investee).

1.5. In case of investment of a
non-monetary asset, the investor must apply an accounting suitable for such
investment. To be specific:

a) If a non-monetary asset is
contributed as capital, the investor must re-assess such asset under agreement.
The difference between the book value or remaining value and re-assessed value
of the asset shall be recorded as other income or other expense.

b) In case of stake purchase paid
with a non-monetary asset:

– If the non-monetary asset used as
payment is inventory, the investor shall record the transaction as barter
(revenue and cost of inventory exchanged for the stake);

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– If the non-monetary asset used as
payment is an equity instrument (shares) or a debt instrument (bonds, receivables,
etc), the investor record the transaction as a liquidation or sale of stakes
(profit or loss recorded as financial income or financial expense).

1.6. Accountants shall keep a
separate log of stake in other entities. A stake in another entity shall be
recorded when the ownership is acquired by the investor, which means the time:

– listed securities are recorded at
the time of matching (T+0);

– ownership of unlisted securities
or other investments is required as prescribed by law.

1.7. The investor shall fully and
promptly record all dividends and distributed profits in the financial
statement. The dividends and distributed profits shall be recorded as follows:

a) Dividends and distributed
profits in the form of cash or non-monetary asset received after investment
date shall be recorded as financial income according to the fair value on the
date of receipt;

b) Dividends and distributed
profits in the form of cash or non-monetary asset received before investment
date shall be recorded as a decrease in investment value instead of financial
income.

c) If shares are paid as dividends,
only the quantity of shares specified in the notes to financial statement shall
be monitored; Do not record an increase in investment value and financial income.

1.8. Costs of financial investments
upon liquidation or sale shall be determined according to the weighted mean.

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

2. Structure and contents of
account 228 – Investments in other entities:

Debit:

– Increases in investments in
jointly controlled entities;

– Increases in historical cost of
investments in associate companies;

– Increases in other investments.

Credit:

– Decreases in investments in
jointly controlled entities because of withdrawal or transfer that leads to
loss of control over the investee;

– Decreases in historical cost of
investments in associate companies because of withdrawal or receipt of benefits
other than distributed profit;

– Decreases in historical cost of
investments in associate companies because of full or partial liquidation of
the investments that leads to loss of significant influence over the investee;

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

Debit balance:

– Closing balance of investment in
jointly controlled entities;

– Closing historical cost of
investments in associate companies;

– Closing values of other
investments.

Account 228 – “Investments in
other entities” comprises two sub-accounts:

– Account 2281 – Investments in
jointly controlled entities and associate companies: reflecting capital
contribution in jointly controlled entities and associate companies and
recoupment thereof.

– Account 2288 – Other
investments: Current values, increases and decreases in equity instruments
of other entities over which the enterprise have no control or significant
influence; Other investments in the form of gold, silver, rare metals,
gemstones shall not be classified as inventory.

Article 35.
BBC accounting

1. Rules for accounting

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

1.2. A BCC may be executed by
cooperation in development assets or other business activities. Contracting
parties to a BCC may reach an agreement to divide revenues, products or
after-tax profits.

1.3. In any cases, money or assets
received from other entities as contribution to the MORTGAGOR shall be recorded
as liabilities instead of owner’s equity.

1.4. BCC in the form of jointly
controlled assets

a) Jointly controlled asset under
BCC means any asset which is purchased or constructed by venturers serving the
jointly controlled entity’s business operation and bring benefits to parties
thereto in accordance with the jointly controlled entity contract. Venturers
shall record their portions of jointly controlled assets as their assets
account on their financial statements.

b) Each venturer may take a share
of the output from the jointly controlled assets and bears an agreed share of
the expenses incurred under the contract.

c) A venturer must keep records in
the same system of accounting records and record in its financial statements:

– Its share of the jointly
controlled assets classified according to the nature of the assets;

– Any liabilities it has incurred;

– Its share of any liabilities
incurred jointly with the other venturers in the relation to the jointly
controlled entity;

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Any expenses incurred in respect
of its interest in the jointly controlled entity.

With regard to fixed asset or
investment property which is contributed to a BCC and the ownership of the
contributor is not converted to the joint ownership of BCC venturers, the
recipient shall keep records of assets without recording any increase in assets
or capital contribution; the contributor shall not record a decrease in assets
in the accounting records and only keep records of the locations of assets.

With regard to fixed asset or
investment property which is contributed to a BCC and the ownership of the
contributor is converted into joint ownership; during construction of jointly
controlled assets, the contributor shall record a decrease in assets in the
accounting records and the value of assets shall be recorded to construction in
progress. After the jointly controlled asset is put into operation, the
venturers shall record increases in assets in conformity with their use
purposes according to value of their assets’ shares.

1.5. BCC in the form of jointly
controlled operations

a) BCC in the form of jointly
controlled operations is a jointly controlled entity which does not require
establishment of a new business entity. Venturers shall fulfill their
obligations and exercise their rights according to the BCC. The jointly
controlled entity activities may be carried out alongside other ordinary
activities of each venturer.

b) Each jointly controlled entity
contract shall bear its own expenses incurred from its share in jointly
controlled operations. The joint expenses (if any) shall be divided among
venturers according to the BCC

c) A BCC venturer must include in
accounting records and record in its financial statements:

– The assets of jointly controlled
entity under its control;

– The liabilities incurred;

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Expenses incurred.

d) Every joint expense incurred
shall be accounted for. If the BCC stipulate division of expense, a Table of
expenses division shall be made, certified and held by every venturer (original
copy). Each venture shall account for expenses divided under the BCC according
to the table of expense division together with lawful original documents.

dd) If the BCC stipulates division
of products, a Table of shares of products shall be made, certified quantity or
specifications of shares of products from BCC and held by every venturer
(original copy). Whenever a product is delivered, the venturers shall make out
a delivery note. The delivery note is the basis for keeping records and
contract finalization.

e) Venturers shall deal with joint
expenses and income similarly to those of jointly controlled operations.

1.6. Division of after-tax profit
on the BCC

a) A BCC on which after-tax profit
is divided is usually in the form of jointly controlled operations or
individually controlled operations. The venturers shall appoint one of them to
as the bookkeeping venturer which is in charge of recording all transactions of
the BBC, revenues, expenses and income statement of the BBC and preparing tax
declarations. When such a BBC is concluded, the venturers take into account the
risks due to:

– Any expenses which is not
included in the taxable expense due to failure in transfer of assets among
venturers, for example:

+ Depreciation of certain fixed
assets is not accepted by the tax authority because the transferor fails to
transfer ownership of the fixed assets to the bookkeeping venturer;

+ Certain expenses of the venturers
are accepted by the tax authority because the input invoices do not bear the
name of the bookkeeping venturer;

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Policy-related risks:

+ The bookkeeping venturer may
incur accrued losses, but the BCC makes a profit. In this case, instead of
offsetting the profit on the BBC against loss on other operations, the
enterprise shall pay corporate income tax on the BCC; If the BCC is making a loss
and other operations are making a profit, the enterprise might not be allowed
to offset the loss against its distributed profit on the BCC;

+ If other venturers use fixed
assets to serve the BCC operation, their depreciation might not be recorded as
deductible expenses because they do not serve the enterprise’s business
operation (does not match revenues from other operations).

b) If the BCC stipulates division
of after-tax profit, the bookkeeping venturer shall follow these rules:

– If the BCC stipulates that other
venturers will receive a fixed amount of profit regardless of performance of
the BCC, the nature of the BCC is a lease. In this case, the bookkeeping
venturer is entitled to administer and influence the BCC activities, apply
accounting method for lease of assets, record payables to other venturers as
expenses to determine the business performance of the period. To be specific:

+ Record all revenues, expenses and
after-tax profit on the BCC on its income statement;

+ Record all after-tax profit on
the BCC as “Undistributed after-tax profit” on the financial position
statement.

+ Other venturers shall record
their shares of profit on the BCC as revenues from lease of assets.

– If the BCC stipulates that other
venturers will receive their shares of profits if the BCC generate profits and
any incur losses on the BCC, the nature of the BCC is division of revenues and
expenses where the parties usually have the right and ability to jointly
control the activities as well as the cash flow of the BCC. The bookkeeping
venturer shall record revenues, expenses and business performance of the period
and provide evidence for tax declaration to other venturers. To be specific:

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

+ Undistributed after-tax profits
on financial position statement only include shares of after-tax profit of each
venturer.

+ Other venturers shall send
reports on their shares of income and expenses whose tax liabilities are
covered as stated in the income statements to the tax authority in order to
adjust their corporate income tax payables.

1.7. Any difference between the
contributed capital and fair value received shall be recorded as other income
or other expenses.

Article 36.
Account 229 – Provision for impairment of assets

1. Rules for accounting

This account reflects current
values, increases or decreases in provision for impairment of assets,
including:

a) Provision for devaluation of
trading securities: a provision for impairment caused by devaluation of trading
securities of an enterprise.

b) Provision for impairment of
investments in other entities: a provision for impairment because the investee
makes a loss that leads to irrecoverability of the investor’ investment or
provision for decline in investments.

– With regard to investments in a
jointly controlled entity or an associate company, the investor only makes such
provision when the jointly controlled entity or associate company makes a loss
that leads to irrecoverability of the investor’s investment according to
applicable regulations of law.

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

+ If an investment in listed shares
or the fair value of the investment can be reliably determined, the provision
shall be made according to the market value of the shares (similarly to
provision for devaluation of trading securities);

+ If the fair value of the
investment cannot be determined at the reporting time, provision allowance
shall be made according to the loss incurred by the investee (provision for
impairment of investments in other entities).

c) Allowance for bad debts: a
provision for receivables and receivable equivalents that are bad debts.

d) Provision against devaluation of
inventory: a provision against devaluation of inventory due to decrease in net
realizable value against historical cost of inventory.

1.2. Rules for accounting of
provisions for devaluation of trading securities

a) The enterprise may make a provision
for probable impairment if there is evident that the market value of held for
trading securities of the enterprise decline against the book value.

b) Requirements, bases and level of
provision or provision reversal shall comply with regulations of law.

c) The creation or reversal of
provision for devaluation of trading securities shall be made while preparing
the financial statement. To be specific:

– If the provision for the current
year is higher than that in the accounting records, the enterprise shall create
an additional provision and record it as financial expense of the period.

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

1.3. Rules for accounting of
provisions against impairments of investments in other entities

a) If the investee is a parent
company, the investor shall create a provision for impairments of investment in
other entities according to the consolidated financial statement of such parent
company. If the investee is an independent company without subsidiaries, the
investor shall create a provision for impairments of investments in other
entities according to the consolidated financial statement of such investee.

b) The creation or reversal of
provision for impairments of each investment in other entities shall be made
separately while preparing the financial statement. To be specific:

– If the provision for the current
year is higher than that in the accounting records, the enterprise shall create
an additional provision and record it as financial expense of the period.

– If the provision for the current
year is lower than the unused provision for the previous year, the enterprise
shall reverse such difference and record it as a decrease in financial expense.

c) The difference between value of
impairment of investments in other entities and the provision made shall be
recorded as financial expense of the period.

1.4. Rules for accounting of
allowance for bad debts:

a) When preparing a financial
statement, the enterprise shall identify bad debts and other amounts similar to
bad debts in nature to create or reverse allowance for bad debts.

b) The enterprise shall make
allowance for bad debts when:

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– The debt is not due but the
debtor has gone bankrupt or is undergoing dissolution, or the debtor has
disappeared.

c) Conditions and basis for making
allowance for bad debts shall comply with applicable regulations of law.

d) The creation or reversal of
allowance for bad debts shall be carried out while preparing the financial
statement.

– If the closing allowance for bad
debts is greater than that recorded in the accounting records, the difference
shall be recorded as an increase in provision and increase in administration
expenses of the enterprise.

– If the closing allowance for bad
debts is smaller than that recorded in the accounting records, the difference
shall be recorded as a decrease in provision and an decrease in administration
expenses of the enterprise.

e) Regarding a bad debt that cannot
be collected for multiple years after taking every measure possible and it is
verified that the has become insolvent, the enterprise may remove it from its
accounting books. The removal of bad debts shall comply with regulations of law
and the enterprise’s charter. These bad debts shall be monitored in the
administration system of the enterprise and presented in the notes to financial
statement. If the enterprise is able to collect a debt after its removal, the
collected amount shall be recorded to the account 711 “Other income”.

g) When allowance for bad debts has
been made, the enterprise shall use it to cover the loss on the bad debts. If
such allowance is not sufficient, the uncovered loss shall be included in the
enterprise’s administration expenses.

1.5. Rules for accounting of
provision against devaluation of inventory

a) The enterprise shall create a
provision against devaluation of inventory whenever there is evident that there
is a decrease in net realizable value against the historical cost of inventory.
Provision for devaluation of inventory means an estimated amount of devaluation
of inventory against book value which is included in the operating expenses in
order to compensating actual damage caused by such devaluation.

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

c) The provision against
devaluation of inventory shall be classified by type of supplies and products
in stock. With regard to services in progress, provision against devaluation of
inventory shall be classified by price.

d) Net realizable value (NRV) means
the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business minus (-)
estimated cost creation of the product and selling expense.

dd) When preparing a financial
statement, provision against devaluation of inventory shall be created
according to quantity, historical cost and NRV of each type of supplies, goods
or services in progress:

– If the closing provision against
devaluation of inventory is greater than that recorded in the accounting
records, the difference shall be recorded as an increase in provision and
increase in cost of goods sold.

– If the closing provision against
devaluation of inventory is smaller than that recorded in the accounting
records, the difference shall be recorded as a decrease in provision and decrease
in cost of goods sold.

e) When provision against
devaluation of inventory has been made, the enterprise shall use such provision
to cover the loss. If such provision is not sufficient, the uncovered loss
shall be included in the cost of goods sold.

g) Provision against devaluation of
inventory shall not be created for raw materials, tools and instruments used in
capital construction or production if the products they are used to create will
be sold at the same or higher price than their prime cost.

2. Structure and contents of
account 229 – Provision for impairment of assets

Debit:

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Compensation for impairment of
assets from created provision.

Credit:

Created provision for impairment of
assets upon preparation of the financial statement.

Credit balance: Closing
provision allowance for impairment of assets.

Account 229 – Provision for
impairment of assets comprises 4 sub-accounts

Account 2291 – Provision for
devaluation of trading securities: reflecting creation or reversal of provision
for devaluation of trading securities.

Account 2292 – Provision for
impairment of investment in other entities: reflecting creation or reversal of
provision for loss of the investor’ capital because of the loss incurred by the
investee or provision for devaluation of investments.

Account 2293 – Allowance for bad
debts: reflecting creation or reversal of allowance for bad debts and the
equivalents.

Account 2294 – provision against
devaluation of inventory: reflecting creation of reversal of provision
against devaluation of inventory.

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

1. Rules for accounting

a) This account reflects costs of
capital construction projects (including costs of acquisition of new fixed
assets, construction, repair, renovation, expansion or refurbishment of works),
finance statements of capital construction projects of enterprises purchasing
fixed assets, making investment in capital construction or making major repair
of fixed assets.

Investment in capital construction
and major repair of an enterprise’s fixed assets may be carried out by external
contractors or by the enterprise itself. An enterprise that invests in capital
construction itself shall record costs incurred during the construction or
repair to this account.

b) Costs of execution of a capital
construction project mean every cost of construction, repair, renovation,
expansion or refurbishment of works, provided they are conformable with
effective regulations of law and the market. Capital construction cost
includes:

– Construction cost;

– Equipment cost.

– Cost of compensation, assistance
and relocation;

– General administration cost;

– Cost of construction consultancy;

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

The account 241 shall specify each
work, work item. Capital construction costs of each work item must be
separately recorded and monitored from the commencement date until the date on
which the work or work item is completed and put into operation.

c) When making investment in
capital construction, construction and equipment costs of each work are usually
accounted for separately; project management costs and other expenses are
usually spent together. The must calculate and distribute the project
management costs and other expenses of each work as follows:

– If the project management costs
and other relevant expenses of each work can be identified, they shall be
recorded to expense of such work;

– Project management costs and
overheads related to multiple works shall be distributed amount the works
according to certain criteria.

d) The cost of repair or
maintenance of functional fixed assets shall be included in operating expenses
of the period. Regarding periodic repair or maintenance that does not results
in increase in the asset value, the enterprise may create a provision and
included it to operating expenses.

dd) The investor of real property
construction shall use this account to record cost of construction of fixed
assets or investment property. In the cases where a piece of real property is
used for multiple purposes (office, lease or sale, i.e. mixed-used building),
the construction-directly attributable expenses still be recorded to the
account 241. When the building work is completed and put into operation, the
construction expenses shall be transferred in conformity with the nature of
every asset according to its use.

e) Costs of construction in
progress paid with foreign currency shall be recorded at the exchange rates at
the time the capital construction work is completed and put into operation. In
the cases where the enterprise pays the contractor in advance, the construction
in progress in proportion to the advance payment shall be recorded at the
actual exchange rate at the time of advance payment; the construction in
progress in proportion to the remaining payment shall be recorded at the actual
exchange rate at the time the capital construction work is completed and put
into operation.

g) Exchange difference derived from
capital construction investment before or after inauguration (including new
investment and extension investment) shall be included in financial income (in
case of profit) or financial expense (in case of loss) at that time.

h) In the cases where an investment
project is cancelled, the enterprise must liquidate and recover the expenses of
the project. The difference between actual investment and proceeds from
liquidation shall be recorded to other expenses or compensated by responsible
entities.

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

k) In case of experimental
production without creation of products, the cost of experimental production
shall be included in construction in progress; if the experimental production
does create products, the cost of experimental production shall be recorded to
account 154 – Work in progress; the difference between the cost of experimental
production and proceeds from the sale of products thereof shall be included in
construction in progress.

Account 241 – Construction in
progress, comprise 3 sub-accounts:

– Account 2411: Fixed assets
acquisition: reflecting costs of acquisition of fixed assets that must be
assembled and tested before put into use (including new and used fixed assets).
If an acquired fixed asset needs additional investment before use,
additional expenses will also be recorded to this account.

– Account 2412: Capital
construction: reflecting capital construction investment. This account
shall specify details of each building work and work item (for each asset
acquired though investment) and capital construction expense of each asset.

– Account 2413: Major repairs of
fixed assets: reflecting major repairs expenses of fixed assets. The costs
of regular repairs of fixed assets shall be included in operating expenses of
the period instead of this account.

2. Structure and contents of
account 241 – Construction in progress

Debit:

– Cost of capital construction,
purchase and major repair of fixed assets (tangible fixed assets and intangible
fixed assets);

– Cost of purchase of investment
property (if the construction investment stage is necessary);

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Cost of renovation, upgrade,
major repair of fixed assets and investment property.

Credit:

– Value of fixed assets acquired
through capital construction or purchased and put into operation;

– Value of finished investment
property acquired through capital construction;

– Value of rejected works and other
rejected expenses.

– Carriedforward costs of
renovation, upgrade, major repair of fixed assets and investment property after
they are recorded to relevant accounts when the statement is approved.

Debit balance:

– Costs of construction projects
and major repair of fixed assets and investment property in progress;

– Value of construction works and
major repair of finished fixed assets and investment property that have not
been put into operation or the statement has not been approved;

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

Article 38.
Account 242 – Prepaid expenses

1. Rules for accounting

a) This account reflects expenses
actually incurred but they are related to operation output of multiple
accounting periods and the carryforward of which to operating expenses of
subsequent accounting periods.

b) Prepaid expenses include:

– Prepaid expenses of
infrastructure lease or operating lease (LUR, factories, warehouses, offices,
shops and other fixed assets) to serve business operation in multiple
accounting periods.

– Enterprise establishment
expenses, training and advertising expenses incurred in before inauguration
shall be distributed in accordance with effective regulations of law;

– Insurance expenses (insurance
against conflagration and explosion, civil liability insurance of vehicle
owners, car body insurance, assets insurance, etc.), and charges paid in
advance by the enterprise for multiple accounting periods;

– Tools and supplies, reusable
packaging materials or instruments for rent related to business operation of
multiple accounting periods;

– Prepaid loan interest of multiple
accounting periods;

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Research expenses and expenses
incurred from development stage which are not qualified as intangible fixed
assets if they may be gradually distributed according to effective regulations
of law;

– Other prepaid expenses serving
the business operation in multiple accounting periods.

c) The calculation and distribution
of prepaid expenses to operating expenses of each accounting period must be
based on the nature and extent of each type of expenses to select an
appropriate method and criteria.

d) Each prepaid expenses incurred,
spent and unspent of each accounting period shall be specified.

dd) With regard to prepaid expenses
in foreign currencies, if it is evident at the report-preparing time that the
seller is unable to provide goods or services and the enterprise will
definitely have the prepaid expenses in foreign currencies returned, they shall
be considered foreign currency monetary items and have to undergo reassessment
according to the average transfer rate applied by the enterprise’s regular bank
at the reporting time.

The determination of the average
transfer rate and method for handling exchange difference due to reassessment
of foreign currency monetary items are specified in Article 52 of this
Circular.

2. Structure and contents of
account 242 – Prepaid expenses

Debit: Prepaid expenses
incurred in the period.

Credit: Prepaid expenses
included in operating expenses in the period.

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

Article 39.
Rules for accounting of liabilities

1. Liabilities of an enterprise
must be accounted for and sorted by according to payment schedule, creditor, currency
and other factors required by the enterprise.

2. Liabilities shall be classified
into trade payables, intra-company payables and other payables according to
following rules:

a) Trade payables are those derived
from purchase of goods, services or assets. These include amounts payable when
importing through the trustee (in the import trust transaction);

b) Intra-company payables are
amounts payables between superior units and affiliated units;

c) Other payables include payables
that are non-commercial and not related to trade in goods or services:

– Payables related to financial
expense, such as: interests, dividends and profits, financial investment
expenses;

– Payables paid by third parties;
payables which the trustor receives from relevant entities to pay for
import-export trust transactions;

– Non-commercial payables, such as:
non-monetary borrowings, fines, compensation, assets in surplus pending
resolution, social insurance, health insurance, unemployment insurance, or
union funds, etc.

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

4. Currencies, creditors of
payables in foreign currencies shall be specified as follows:

– Liabilities (credit side of
accounts payable) shall be converted into the accounting currency at the actual
exchange rate applied at that time.

An advance payment to a seller in
foreign currency shall be recorded to Cr 331 at the recorded specific exchange
rate applied at the time of advance payment.

– When paying a debt (debit side of
accounts payable), the enterprise may choose between the book weighted average
exchange rate applied to each creditor or the actual exchange rate at the time
of debt payment.

Advance payments to sellers
recorded to Dr 331 shall apply the actual exchange rate at the time of advance
payment.

– In the cases where the enterprise
applies the actual exchange rate to record the debit side of accounts payable
and exchange differences that occur in the period to debit accounts, it may
record them at the time transaction on a periodical basis depending on the
characteristics of its operation.

– The payables that are foreign currency
monetary items must be reassessed at the time of preparation of the financial
statement at the closing average transfer rate of the enterprise’s regular
bank.

The determination of the average
transfer rate and method for handling exchange difference due to reassessment
of payables that are foreign currency monetary items are specified in Article
52 of this Circular.

Article 40.
Account 331 – Trade payables

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

a) This account reflects payment of
the enterprise’s debts payable to sellers of supplies, goods, services, sellers
of fixed assets, investment property or financial investment under concluded
business contracts. This account also reflects payment of liabilities to main
contractors and sub contractors. Instant payments shall not be recorded to this
account.

b) Creditors of debts payables to
sellers, providers or contractors shall be specified. This account must reflect
advance payments to sellers, providers or contractors before goods, services or
complete construction works are delivered.

c) The import trustor shall record
the trade payables for imported goods to the import trustee to this account
similarly to ordinary trade payables.

d) At the end of a period, if there
has not been invoices of received supplies, goods or services, provisional
prices may be used for bookkeeping and when invoices are available, the prices
shall be adjusted and the seller shall be informed the official prices.

dd) Discounts offered by sellers
that are not specified in sales invoices must be specified in these accounts.

2. Structure and contents of
account 331 – Trade payables

Debit:

– Payments to sellers, suppliers or
contractors;

– Advance payments to sellers,
suppliers, contractors before goods, services or construction works are
delivered;

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Discounts accepted by sellers to
be deducted from debts payables to sellers;

– Value of supplies or goods in
shortage or of inferior quality which are returned to sellers;

– Adjustments to difference between
provisional price and official price upon availability of invoices or official
quotation;

– Reassessed payables to sellers
that are foreign currency monetary items (if foreign currency rate drops
against the recorded exchange rate).

Credit:

– Amounts payable to sellers,
suppliers or contractors;

– Adjustments to difference between
provisional price and official price upon availability of invoices or official
quotation;

– Reassessed payables to sellers
that are foreign currency monetary items (if foreign currency rate rises
against the recorded exchange rate).

Credit balance: Remaining
amounts payable to sellers, suppliers or contractors.

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

Article 41.
Account 333 – Taxes and other payables to the State

1. Rules for accounting

1.1. This account reflects the
record relation between the enterprise and the State in terms of taxes, fees,
charges and other payables, payment thereof and outstanding payables to State
budget in the fiscal year.

1.2. The enterprise shall calculate
and declare taxes, fees, charges and other payables to State in compliance with
law; record taxes payable, paid taxes, deductible taxes and refunded taxes,
etc. in accounting books.

1.3. The nature of indirect taxes
including VAT (including using credit-invoice method or subtraction method),
special excise tax, export duty, environmental protection tax and other
indirect taxes is receipts on behalf of third parties. Therefore, these
indirect taxes are removed from revenues stated in the financial statement or
other statements.

The enterprise may record revenues
and indirect taxes payable using either of the following methods:

– Indirect taxes payable (including
VAT payable using subtraction method) shall be separately recorded when revenues
are recorded. With this method, the revenues included in accounting records
shall not include indirect taxes payable, thus match the revenues stated in the
financial statement and reflect the true nature of the transactions;

– Indirect taxes payable shall be
recorded as decreases in revenues in the accounting records. With this method,
indirect taxes as decreases in revenues payable shall be recorded periodically,
the revenues stated in the accounting records are different from those stated
in the financial statement.

In any cases, the item “Revenues”
and “Revenue deductions” on the income statement shall not include
indirect taxes payable.

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

Resource royalty shall be included
in the enterprise’s operating expenses. Land rents and real estate levies
payable shall be included in administration expenses.

VAT, special excise tax,
environmental protection tax on goods used internally, donated goods, sale
promotion goods not generating revenues shall be included in selling expenses
or administration expenses on a case-by-case basis.

1.5. Regarding taxes eligible for
refund or reduction, the accountant must determine whether the tax is paid
during purchase or sale as follows:

– Refunded import duty, special
excise tax and environmental protection tax paid during import of
goods/services shall be recorded as decreases in cost of goods sold (in case of
sale) or decreases in value of inventory (in case of return of goods);

– Refunded import duty, special
excise tax and environmental protection tax paid during import of fixed assets
shall be recorded as decreases in other expenses (in case of sale of fixed
assets) or decreases in costs of fixed assets (in case of return);

– Refunded import duty, special
excise tax and environmental protection tax paid during import of goods or
fixed assets without the enterprise’s acquisition of their ownership shall be
recorded as other receivables.

– Refunded export duty, special
excise tax and environmental protection tax paid during sale of goods or
provision of services shall be recorded as other incomes.

– Refunded input VAT shall be recorded
as decreases in deductible VAT. Reduction in VAT payable shall be recorded as
other income.

1.6. Liabilities to state budget in
export-import entrustment transactions:

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– The trustor shall provide
services including document preparation, declaration, payment to government
budget (taxpayer on behalf of the trustor).

– Account 333 is only used by the
trustor, not the trustee. The trustee shall record taxes payable to government
budget as expenses on behalf of a third party in the account 3388 and receive
the amounts paid on behalf of the trustor to account 138. The liability of the
trustor for government budget shall be reflected according to:

+ When receiving notification of
taxes payable, the trustee shall transfer all documents, materials or
notification of taxes payable issued by the competent agency to the trustor to
record the taxes payable to account 333.

+ According to payment slip to
government budget of the trustee, the trustor shall record a decrease in
payables to the government budget.

1.7. Each tax, fee, charge and
other amounts payable, paid amounts and outstanding amounts payable shall be
keep records in details.

2. Structure and contents of
account 333 – Taxes and other payables to the State

Debit:

– VAT deducted in the period;

– Taxes, fees, charges and other
amounts paid to the government budget;

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– VAT on returned goods or sales
rebates.

Credit:

– Output VAT and VAT payable on
import goods;

– Taxes, fees, charges and other
amounts payable to the government budget;

Credit balance:

Remaining taxes, fees, charges and other
amounts payable to the government budget;

Debit balance (if any) of Account
333 reflects payment of taxes and amounts greater than the amounts payable to
government budget, or reflects the paid taxes eligible for exemption, reduction
or refund, but the refund has not been given.

Account 333 – Taxes and other
payables to the State, comprises 9 sub-accounts:

– Account 3331 – VAT payable:
reflecting input VAT, VAT payable on imports, deductible VAT, paid VAT and
outstanding VAT payable to government budget.

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

+ Account 33311 – Output VAT:
reflecting output VAT, deducted output VAT, VAT on sales return or sales
rebates, VAT payable, paid and outstanding VAT on goods sold or services
rendered in the period.

+ Account 33312 – VAT on
imports: reflecting VAT payable, paid and outstanding VAT.

– Account 3332 – Special excise
tax: reflecting special excise tax payable, paid and outstanding special excise
tax.

– Account 3333 – Export and
import duties: reflecting export and import duties payable, paid and
outstanding export and import duties.

– Account 3334 – Corporate
income tax: reflecting corporate income tax payable, paid and outstanding
corporate income tax.

– Account 3335 – Personal income
tax: reflecting personal income tax payable, paid and outstanding personal
income tax.

– Account 3336 – Resource
royalty: reflecting resource royalty payable, paid and outstanding resource
royalty.

– Account 3337 – Real property
levies and land rents: reflecting amounts payable, paid and outstanding amounts
of real property levies and land rents.

– Account 3338 – Environmental
protection tax and other taxes: reflecting amounts payable, paid and
outstanding amount of environmental protection tax and other taxes such as license
tax, withholding tax, etc.

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

+ Account 33381 – Environmental
protection tax: reflecting environmental protection tax payable, paid and
outstanding environmental protection tax;

+ Account 33382 – Other taxes:
reflecting amounts payable of other taxes, paid and outstanding amounts of
other taxes. The enterprise may add sub-accounts to satisfy their demands.

– Account 3339 – Fees, charges
and other amounts payable: reflecting fees, charges and other amounts payable,
paid and outstanding fees, charges and other amounts payable to government
budget other than those reflected by accounts 3331 to 3338. This account also
reflects the amounts given by the State to the enterprise as assistance (if
any) such as subsidies.

Article 42.
Account 334 – Payables to employees

1. Rules for accounting

This account reflects payables to
the enterprise’s employees including salaries, wages, bonuses, social insurance
and other payables included in employees’ incomes and payments thereof.

2. Structure and contents of
account 334 – Payables to employees

Debit:

– Salaries, wages and bonuses,
social insurance and other items which are paid or advanced to employees;

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để sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.

Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

Credit: Salaries, wages and bonuses,
social insurance and other amounts payable to employees;

Credit balance: Outstanding
salaries, wages and bonuses, social insurance and other amounts payable to
employees.

Account 334 may have debit balance.
Debit balance of account 334 (if any) reflects negative difference between paid
amounts and salaries, wages or other amounts payable to employees.

Article 43.
Account 335 – Accrued expenses

1. Rules for accounting

a) This account reflects payments for
goods or services received from the seller in the period that have not been
made due to lack of invoices or accounting documents and are recorded as
operating expenses of the period.

This account also reflects amounts
payable to employees during a period, such as annual leave salary and operating
expenses recorded as accrued expenses in the period, such as:

– Expenses incurred during seasonal
cessation of production which is planned by the enterprise. Accountants shall
estimate and include the expenses incurred during such cessation period in
operating expenses of the period.

– Estimated loan interests payable.

…

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để sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.

Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Provisions are current
liabilities without specific payment schedule; accrued expenses are current
liabilities with specific payment schedule;

– Provisions are usually uncertain
payables (i.e. provisions for product warranty or construction warranty);
accrued expenses must be certain payables.

– In the financial statement,
provisions are separated from trade payables and other payables but accrued
expenses are part of trade payables or other payables.

– Accrued expenses shall be
included in operating expense of the period according to matching principle.
The payables not incurred because the goods or services are not received and
are included in operating expenses of the period in advance to avoid
fluctuation in the operating expenses shall be recorded as provisions.

c) The accrued amounts recorded as
provisions instead of to account 335 include:

– Cost of periodic major repairs of
specific tangible fixed assets which may be recorded as accrued expense in the
reporting year or several years later;

– Provisions for product warranty
or construction warranty;

– Other provisions (refer to
account 352).

d) In principle, accrued expenses
must be offset against actual expenses incurred. The difference between accrued
expenses and actual expenses must be reversed.

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để sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.

Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Interest of loans for
construction of fixed assets or investment property shall be capitalized even
if the construction duration is under 12 months;

– The contract may not capitalize
loan interest to serve the construction of building works or assets for their
clients, including separate loans, for example: a contractor takes a loan to
execute a construction; a shipbuilder builds a ship under a contract with its
owner, etc.

2. Structure and contents of
account 335 – Accrued expenses

Debit:

– Actual expenses that have been
recorded as to accrued expenses;

– Positive difference between
accrued expenses and actual expenses recorded as decreases in expenses.

Credit: Accrued expenses
recorded to operating expenses.

Credit balance: Accrued
expenses recorded to operating expenses but have not incurred in reality.

Article 44.
Account 336 – Intra-company payables

…

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để sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.

Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

a) This account reflects settlement
of payables between the enterprise (superior unit) and affiliated units and
among affiliated units of the same company.

In the enterprise, the
classification of inferior units for accounting purposes shall be based upon
their nature (independent accounting or dependent accounting, whether or not
having legal status or having legal representative) instead of their he names
(members, branches, plants, groups, etc).

b) Intra-company payables recorded
to account 336 “Intra-company payables” include working capital payables and other
payables which the affiliated unit pays to the enterprise or other affiliated
units; amounts which the enterprise grants to affiliated unit. Amounts payable
may relate to receipt of asset, capital, funds, current payment, payment on
behalf of third parties, etc.;

c) According to the enterprise’s
organizational structure and operating nature, the enterprise shall decide
whether its affiliated units record working capital granted by the enterprise
to account 3361 – Working capital provided for affiliated units or account 411
– Owner’s invested equity.

d) Account 336 “Intra-company
payables” is recorded in details for every unit which has mutual payment
relationship, and accounts payable will be observed in details.

dd) At end of the period,
accountants shall check and collate Account 136 and Account 336 between units
according to every internal payment content, to prepare offsetting reports for
every units, as basis for offsetting adjustment in these two accounts. If
difference is found while collating, cause of such difference must be
identified to make adjustments.

2. Structure and contents of
account 336 – Intra–company payables

Debit:

– Payments to affiliated units;

…

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để sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.

Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Amounts paid for items which
internal units pay or receive on behalf of other internal units;

– Offsetting receivables against
payables of the same unit having payment relationships.

Credit:

– Working capital granted to
affiliated units by the enterprise;

– Amounts payable to the enterprise
by affiliated units;

– Amounts payable to affiliated
units;

– Amounts payable for other
internal units on items paid or received on behalf of other units.

Credit balance: Outstanding
amounts payable to the enterprise and internal units in the enterprise.

Account 336 – Intra-company
payables, comprising 2 sub-accounts:

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Account 3368 – Other
intra-company payables: reflecting other payables between internal units in the
same enterprise.

Article 45.
Account 338 – Other payables

1. Rules for accounting

a) This account reflects settlement
of payables other than those reflected by other accounts (from account 331 to
account 336) This account also reflects unearned revenues from services
provided for customers.

b) Structure and contents of
account 338:

– Value of assets in surplus
without identify causes pending resolution by competent authorities; Value of
assets in surplus to be returned to internal and external owners (individuals
or groups) under decisions of competent authorities agency written if the cause
of which has been identified.

– Appropriated amount and payment
of social insurance, health insurance, unemployment insurance premiums and
trade union fees;

– Amounts deducted from salaries of
employees according to court decisions;

– Profits and dividends payable to
owners;

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để sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.

Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Amounts collected on behalf of
third parties pending return, amounts received from the trustor to pay import
duty, export duty or VAT on imports and pay on behalf of the trustor;

– Advance payment for lease of
property, infrastructure for multiple accounting periods, loan interest
received before loan is granted or debt instruments are purchased (unearned
revenue); unearned revenues and incomes

– The difference between instalment
price and asked price (instalment interest).

– Deposits paid by other entities.

– Other payables such as payment
for voluntary pension insurance, life insurance and other allowances (other
salaries) for employees, etc.

c) The accountant responsible for
receipt of deposits shall classify them by payers, term and currency (if any).
Deposits to be paid within 12 months shall be recorded as short-term debts;
Deposits to be paid after 12 months shall be recorded as long-term debts.

2. Structure and contents of
account 338 – Other payables

Debit:

– Distribution of value of assets
in surplus among relevant accounts according to decision written in resolution
report;

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để sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.

Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Paid social insurance, health
insurance, unemployment insurance premiums and trade union fees

– Unearned revenues of each
accounting period; advance payment returned to clients in case of termination
of lease;

– Instalment interest recorded as
financial expense;

– Returned deposits;

– Other paid and returned amounts;

– Reassessed payables that are
foreign currency monetary items (if foreign currency rate drops against the
recorded exchange rate).

Credit:

– Value of assets in surplus
pending resolution (without identified cause); Value of assets in surplus
returned to their owners according to the decision written in resolution report
because of unidentified cause;

– Social Insurance, health
Insurance, unemployment insurance and trade union fees included in operating
expenses or deducted from salaries of employees;

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để sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.

Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Social insurance payout given by
social insurance agencies to employees;

– Unearned revenues in the period;

– Instalment interest;

– Temporary loans or borrowings of
supplies, goods or capital contributed to BCC without establishment of a new
legal entity;

– Return of receipts on behalf of
other units;

– Received deposits in the period;

– Other payables;

– Reassessed payables that are
foreign currency monetary items (if foreign currency rate rises against the
recorded exchange rate).

Credit balance:

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Value of assets in surplus pending
resolution;

– Closing unearned revenues;

– Other payables;

– Unreturned deposits.

This account may have debit
balance, which reflects the positive difference between paid amounts
and amounts payable, social insurance payout that has not been given employees
and overspent trade union fees that have not been replenished.

Account 338 – Other payables,
comprising 8 sub-accounts:

– Account 3381 – Assets in
surplus pending resolution: reflecting value of assets in surplus without
identified cause pending resolution by competent authorities. In case the
cause of surplus is identified, the assets in surplus shall be recorded to
relevant accounts, not to account 338 (3381).

– Account 3382 – Trade union
fees: reflecting accruement and payment of trade union fees by units.

– Account 3383 – Social
insurance: reflecting accruement and payment of social insurance at units.

…

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để sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.

Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Account 3385 – Unemployment
insurance: reflecting accruement and payment of unemployment insurance by
units.

– Account 3386 – Received
deposits: reflecting deposits received from external entities.

– Account 3387 – Unearned
revenues: reflecting unearned revenues of the enterprise in the period, increases
and decreases thereof. Unearned revenues include: advance payments of
customers for one or multiple accounting periods for asset lease; interests
received in advance when lending; other unearned revenues such as installment
interest; revenues corresponding to the value of goods. The following amounts
shall be not recorded to this account:

+ Advance payments by buyers before
goods or services are provided by the enterprise;

+ Unearned revenue from asset lease
or service provision for multiple periods (unearned revenue is only recorded
when the revenue is actually collected, not recorded corresponding to TK 131 –
Trade receivables).

– Account 338 – Other payables:
records other payables of the unit other than payables recorded to accounts
from 3381 to 3387.

Article 46.
Account 341 – Borrowings and finance lease liabilities

1. Rules for accounting

a) This account reflects the
enterprise’s loans (including loans in the form of bonds), finance lease
liabilities and repayment thereof.

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

c) Three cases of loans in the form
of bond issuance:

– Issuance of parity bonds, which
are bonds issued at their face value.

– Issuance of discounted bonds,
which are bonds issued at a price lower than their face value. The difference
between the price and face value of the bonds is the discount. In this case,
the market interest rate is usually higher than the nominal interest rate of
the bonds issued.

– Issuance of premium bonds
(trading above their par value). The difference between the price and par value
of the bond is the premium. In this case, the market interest rate is usually
smaller than the nominal interest rate of the bonds issued.

The enterprise shall record the
discount or premium at the time of bond issuance and specify:

+ Face value of bonds;

+ Bond discount;

+ Bound premium.

– The enterprise shall monitor
discount and premium of each type of bond and distribution thereof when
determining borrowing costs, which is included in financial expense or
capitalized as the case may be. To be specific:

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

+ Bond premium shall be gradually
offset against borrowing costs of each period throughout the bond term;

+ If the conditions for
capitalization of interest expense are satisfied, the loan or distributed
discount or premium capitalized in a period must not exceed the actual loan
interest and the amount of discount or premium distributed in the period;

+ Discount or premium shall be
distributed throughout the bond term in a linear fashion.

– In case of interest payment upon
bond maturity, the enterprise shall calculate the bond interest to be paid in
each period and aggregate it with financial expense or capitalize it as work in
progress.

– When a financial position
statement is prepared, the bond value shall equal face value minus (-) discount
plus (+) premium and recorded as a liability.

d) Direct borrowing costs (other
than interest) such as appraisal, auditing, document compilation, bond issuance
expenses shall be included in financial expense. Expenses derived from separate
loans serving investment, construction or production of unfinished products may
be capitalized.

dd) Regarding a finance lease
liability, the total debt, which equals (=) current value of the minimum rent
or fair value of the assets for rent, shall be recorded to Cr 341.

2. Structure and contents of
account 341 – Borrowings and finance lease liabilities

Debit:

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Reduction in principal accepted
by creditors;

– Distributed bond premium;

– Closing exchange difference due
to reassessment of principals that are foreign currency monetary items (if
foreign currency rate drops against the recorded exchange rate).

Credit:

– Borrowings and finance lease
liabilities incurred in the period;

– Distributed bond discount;

– Closing exchange difference due
to reassessment of principals that are foreign currency monetary items (if
foreign currency rate rises against the recorded exchange rate).

Credit balance: Premature
principal.

Account 341 consists of 2
sub-accounts

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

Account 3412 – Finance lease
liabilities: reflecting values of the enterprise’s finance lease liabilities
and payment thereof.

Article 47.
Account 352 – Provisions for payables

1. Rules for accounting

a) This account reflects the
enterprise’s current provisions for payables, creation and use thereof.

b) Provision for payables shall be
recorded when the following conditions are satisfied:

– The enterprise’s liability (legal
liability or joint liability) is the result of a previous event;

– Possible decline in economic
benefits that leads to fulfillment of the liability;

– The value of the liability can be
reliably estimated.

c) The recorded value of a
provision for payables is the most reasonable amount that will be spent to
fulfill the liability at the end of the accounting period.

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

Provision for construction warranty
shall be created separately for each construction work at the end of the
accounting period.

dd) Only the expenses related to
the provision may be covered by such provision.

e) Do not create provision for
future loss on operation unless it is related to a high-risk contract and is
qualified as provision. If the enterprise enters into a high-risk contract, the
current liability under the contract shall be recorded and assessed as a
provision and each of such contract shall have a separate provision.

g) Provisions for payables include:

– Provisions for product warranty;

– Provisions for construction
warranty;

– Provision for other payables,
including provision for severance pay, periodic repair and maintenance of fixed
assets, provision for payables under high-risks contracts where the payables
exceed economics benefits from such contracts;

h) Provision for product warranty
shall be recorded as selling expense; provision for construction warranty shall
be recorded as work in progress; provision for other payables shall be recorded
as relevant expenses.

i) If the provision for
construction warranty is greater than actual expense, the difference shall be
reversed to Account 711 “Other income”. Reversed provision for product warranty
shall be recorded as a decrease in selling expense. Reversed provision for
other payables shall be recorded as decreases in relevant expenses.

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để sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.

Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

2. Structure and contents of
account 352 – Provisions for payables

Debit:

– Decreases in provisions for
payables when relevant expenses are incurred;

– Decreases in provisions for
payables (reversal) when the enterprise is certain that no liability is
incurred.

– Decrease in provisions for payables,
which is the negative difference between provision for payables of current year
and remaining provision of the previous year.

Credit: Provision for
payables included in expense.

Credit balance: Closing
provision for payables

Account 352 comprises 3 sub-accounts:

– Account 3521 – Provision for
product warranty: reflecting provision for warranty on products sold in the
period;

…

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để sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.

Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Account 3524 – Provision for
other payables: reflecting provision for other payables other than those
mentioned above, such as: provision for severance pay, periodic repair and
maintenance of fixed assets, etc.

Article 48.
Account 353 – Welfare fund

1. Rules for accounting

a) This account reflects the
enterprise’s welfare fund, increases and decreases thereof. The welfare fund is
part of the enterprise’s after-tax profit and intended to give rewards, improve
the welfare of employees.

b) Development and use of the
welfare fund shall comply with the enterprise’s financial regulations or the
owner’s decision.

c) Each type of welfare fund shall
be accounted for separately.

d) Regarding a fixed asset funded
by the welfare fund and then used for the enterprise’s business operation, it
shall be recorded as an increase in paid-in capital and a decrease welfare
fund.

dd) Regarding a fixed asset funded
by the welfare fund and then used for the enterprise’s welfare, it shall be
recorded as an increase in fixed assets and transfer it from Account 3532 to
Account 3533. Depreciation of such fixed assets shall be recorded annually
instead of monthly and recorded as decrease in Account 3533.

2. Structure and contents of
account 353 – Welfare fund

…

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để sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.

Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Spending of the welfare fund;

– Decrease in welfare fund used for
creation of fixed assets upon depreciation of fixed assets or loss discovered
during stocktaking of fixed assets;

– Purchase of fixed assets funded
by welfare fund and used for welfare purposes;

– Withdrawals from the welfare fund
to inferiors.

Credit:

– Contributions to the welfare fund
from the enterprise’s after-tax profit;

– Contributions to the welfare fund
from senior officers;

– Increase in welfare fund used for
creation of fixed assets funded by the welfare fund and used for the
enterprise’s business operation or welfare purposes.

Credit balance: Remaining
welfare fund.

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Account 3531 – Reward fund:
balance, contribution to and withdrawals from the enterprise’s reward fund.

– Account 3532 – Welfare fund:
Balance, contribution to and withdrawals from the enterprise’s welfare fund.

– Account 3533 – Welfare fund
for creation of fixed assets: balance, increases and decreases of the fund.

– Account 3534 – Manager reward
fund: balance, increases and decreases of the fund.

Article 49.
Account 356 – Scientific and technological development fund

1. Rules for accounting

a) This account reflects the
balance, increases and decreases in the enterprise’s development of science and
technology fund. An enterprise’s development of science and technology fund may
only be used for investment in science and technology in Vietnam.

b) Development of science and
technology fund shall be included in administration expenses. Contributions to
and use of the enterprise’s development of science and technology fund shall
comply with regulations of law.

c) In the cases where the
enterprise uses the development of science and technology fund to sponsor
experimental production, the proceeds from sale of experimental products shall
be offset against the experimental production expense as follows:

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– If the proceeds are smaller than
the production expense, the difference shall be recorded as a decrease in the
development of science and technology fund;

d) The enterprise shall
periodically send competent authorities reports on contributions to and use of
the development of science and technology fund.

2. Structure and contents of
account 356 – Development of science and technology fund

Debit:

– Withdrawals from the scientific
and technological development fund;

– Expenditure of the development of
science and technology fund on creation of fixed assets; remaining value of
fixed assets upon their liquidation; cost of liquidation of fixed assets
derived from the development of science and technology funds;

– Expenditure of the development of
science and technology fund on creation of fixed assets when they are used for
the enterprise’s business operation.

Credit:

– Contributions to the scientific
and technological development fund;

…

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(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

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Credit balance: Remaining
fund of the science and technology development fund.

Account 356 – Scientific and
technological development fund consists of 2 sub-accounts:

– Account 3561 – Development of
science and technology fund: Balance, contributions to and withdrawals from the
development of science and technology fund;

– Account 3562 – Development of
science and technology fund for creation of fixed assets: Balance,
contributions to and withdrawals from the development of science and technology
fund for creation of fixed assets;

Article 50.
Rules for accounting of equity

1. The equity is the enterprise’s
remaining net asset owned by shareholders or capital contributors (owners).
Sources of equity:

– Capital contributed by owners;

– Profit from business operation;

– Other amounts recorded as
increases in equity.

…

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(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

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3. The receipt of capital
contribution in the form of intangible assets such as copyrights, right to use
property or trademark, etc. is subject to permission by law or by a competent
authority. Contribution of trade mark or brand name, if not regulated by law,
shall be accounted for as if lease of assets or franchise, in which case:

– The contributor shall record the
proceeds from the transaction as revenue from lease of intangible assets or
franchise; do not record them as increases in investment in other entities and
income or equity;

– The investee shall record the
value of the trademark or brand name as an increase in equity. Payment for the
use of the trademark or brand name shall be recorded as payment for lease of
assets or franchise expense.

4. Profit shall be distributed when
the enterprise has undistributed after-tax profit. Any payment of dividends or
profits to owners in excess to the undistributed after-tax profits is
considered a decrease in capital contribution, in which case the enterprise has
to follow procedures for adjusting its Certificate of Business registration.

Article 51.
Account 411 – Paid-in capital

1. Rules for accounting

a) This account is used to record
current paid-in capital increases and decreases thereof.

b) Paid-in capital includes:

– Initial capital contribution and
additional capital contributions;

…

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(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

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– Other capital.

c) Only record capital contributed
by owners in reality to Account 4111 – “Capital contributed by owners”; do not
record the promised amounts or receivables from owners.

d) An enterprise shall record
paid-in capital according to their sources (contribution by owners, share
premium, other capital) and contributors.

dd) A decrease in paid-in capital
shall be recorded when:

– Capital is returned to owners or
treasury shares are retired as prescribed by law;

– The enterprise is dissolved or
shut down as prescribed by law;

– Other cases prescribed by law.

e) Determination of capital
contribution in foreign currency

– When the investment license
stipulates the enterprise’s charter capital in foreign currency, the adequacy
of capital in foreign currency contributed by investors shall be determined
according to the amount in foreign currency contributed in reality regardless
of conversion into VND according to the investment license.

…

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(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Do not reassess credit balance of
Account 411 paid-in capital derived from foreign currency.

g) In case of capital contribution
in the form of assets, an increase in paid-in capital at the reassessed price
of the assets accepted by the parties shall be recorded.

h) Regarding a joint-stock company,
capital contribution in the form of shares shall be recorded at the share price
in reality and recorded as paid-in capital and share premium as follows:

– Paid-in capital shall be recorded
at the face value of shares;

– Share premium reflects the
difference between the face value and share price (including reissuance of
treasury shares) and may be a positive value (if the share price is higher than
face value) or negative value (if the share price is lower than face value).

2. Structure and contents of
account 411 – Paid-in capital

Credit: Decreases in paid-in
capital due to:

– Return of contributed capital to
owners;

– Issuance of shares at lower price
than face value;

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

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– Loss offsetting under a decision
of a competent authority;

– Retirement of treasury shares (of
a joint-stock company)

Credit: Increases in paid-in
capital due to:

– Capital contribution by owners;

– Addition of capital from profit
or funds from equity;

– Issuance of shares at higher
price than face value;

– Inclusion of donations (exclusive
of taxes) in paid-in capital under a decision of a competent authority.

Credit balance: Current
paid-in capital.

Account 411 – Paid-in
capital, comprising 3 sub-accounts:

…

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(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

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– 4112 – Share premium:
reflecting the difference between the share price and face value; difference
between buying price for treasury shares and prices for reissued treasury
shares. This account may have a credit balance or debit balance.

– Account 4118 – Other capital:
reflecting capital derived from profit or donations or reassessment of assets
(if recorded as increases or decreases in paid-in capital).

Article 52.
Account 413 – Exchange difference

1. Exchange rates and exchange
differences

1.1. Exchange difference means a difference
occurs in the exchange of foreign currency and the accounting period at
different exchange rates. An exchange rate usually occurs when:

– Transactions in foreign currency
are made in the period;

– Foreign currency monetary items
are reassessed while preparing the financial statement;

– A financial statement in foreign
currency is converted into VND.

1.2. Exchange rates used in
accounting

…

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(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

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– The actual exchange rate;

– The recorded exchange rate.

After tax liability is determined,
the enterprise shall implement regulations of law on taxation.

1.3. Determination of recorded
exchange rate:

The recorded exchange rate includes
specific exchange rates and weighted average exchange rates (after each entry
or at the end of the period).

– The specific exchange rate is the
exchange rate related to a transaction at a specific time. The specific
exchange rate shall be used in the accounting books to record advance payments
in foreign currency received from customers to the debit side of accounts
receivable or record advance payment in foreign currency to sellers to the
credit side of accounts payable.

– Weighted average exchange rate
equals (=) the total value of every foreign currency monetary items (in
accounting currency) divided by (:) the amount of foreign currencies at that
time.

1.4. Determination of exchange
difference and handling thereof:

1.4.1. Regarding transactions in
foreign currencies in the period:

…

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(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Actual exchange rate when buying
or selling a foreign currency (under a spot contract, forward contract, futures
contract, option contract or swap contract) is the agreed exchange rate in the
foreign currency exchange contract between the enterprise and the commercial bank;

– If the contract does not specify
the exchange rate, the enterprise may apply the approximate average transfer
rate of the enterprise’s regular bank.

The approximate exchange rate must
ensure that the deviation does not exceed 1% of the average transfer rate of
the enterprise’s regular bank. The average transfer rate may be determined on a
daily, weekly or monthly basis according to the arithmetic mean of the daily
buying rates and selling rates of the commercial bank.

The enterprise may apply the approximate
exchange rate to:

+ Credit side of cash accounts;
debit side of accounts receivable (except for advance payments in foreign
currency from customers, in which case the specific exchange rate shall be
applied to the debit side of Account 131), debit side of accounts payable when
advancing payments to sellers.

+ Credit side of accounts payable
(except for advance payments in foreign currency to sellers, in which case the
specific exchange rate shall be applied to Cr 331), Credit side of accounts
receivable when receiving advance payments from customers.

+ Assets classified as equity;

+ Other revenue and income
accounts.

When advance payment is made by the
buyer, it shall be recorded at the actual exchange rate at the time of advance
payment. The revenue and income from the remaining amount shall be recorded at
the actual exchange rate at the time of payment.

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(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

In the cases where the advance
payment is included in operating expense in the period, it will be recorded at
the actual exchange rate at the time of advance payment instead of the exchange
rate at the time of inclusion).

+ Accounts reflecting assets.

In the cases where the advance
payment is given to the seller, the value of asset equal to the advance payment
shall be recorded at the actual exchange rate at the time of advance payment,
the value of asset equal to the remaining amount shall be recorded at the
actual exchange rate at the time of recording.

If actual exchange rate is the approximate
exchange rate, the enterprise must ensure that it does not significantly affect
its finance and performance in the accounting period.

b) The enterprise may apply
recorded exchange rate to convert the foreign currency into accounting currency
in the following cases:

– The weighted average exchange
rates shall be applied to the credit side of cash accounts and credit side of
accounts receivable (other than advance payments from buyers), and debit side
of accounts payable (other than advance payment to sellers).

+ In addition to weighted average
exchange rates, enterprises may apply actual exchange rates to the credit side
of cash accounts, credit side of accounts receivable and debit side of accounts
payable.

Exchange differences that occur in
the period shall be recorded upon their occurrence or on the periodical basis
to financial income or financial expense depending on the enterprise’s
operation and requirements.

+ In the cases where the enterprise
applies the actual exchange rate to the credit side of cash accounts, credit
side of accounts receivable and debit side of accounts payable in foreign
currency, if at the end of the accounting period:

…

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(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

(+) the foreign currency monetary
items are not empty, the enterprise shall carry out reassessment at the
recorded weighted average exchange rates and all exchange differences caused by
reassessment of foreign currency monetary items shall be dealt with in
accordance with 1.4.2 of this Article.

– Specific exchange rates shall be
applied to:

+ The debit side of accounts
receivable when receiving full payments from buyers upon delivery of products,
fixed assets or services;

+ The credit side of accounts
payable when making full payments to sellers upon delivery of products, fixed
assets or services.

1.4.2. The closing average transfer
rate of the enterprise’s regular bank shall be applied to reassessment of
foreign currency monetary items.

Exchange differences because of
reassessment of foreign currency monetary items (after being offset against the
debit and credit sides of Account 413) shall be recorded as financial expense
(in case of loss) or financial income (in case of profit).

1.4.3. Settlement of exchange
differences before inauguration:

– Remaining loss on exchange
differences incurred before inauguration (reflected by Account 242 before the
effective date of this Circular) must be included in financial expense.

– Remaining profit on exchange
differences before inauguration (reflected by Account 3387 before the effective
date of this Circular) must be included in financial income.

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(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

a) Cash, cash equivalents, term
deposits in foreign currencies;

b) Debts receivable and payable of
foreign currency origins, except:

– Advance payments to buyers and
prepaid fees in foreign currencies. While preparing the financial statement, if
it is evident at the seller is not able to provide goods/services and the
enterprise will have the advance payment in foreign currency returned, it will
be considered an account derived from foreign currencies.

– Advance payments by buyers and
prepaid fees received in foreign currencies. While preparing the financial
statement, if it is evident at the enterprise is not able to provide
goods/services and will have to return the advance payment, it will be
considered an account derived from foreign currencies.

c) Loans taken or granted in any
shape or form that may be repaid in foreign currencies.

d) Paid deposits that may be
returned in foreign currencies;

dd) Received deposits that have to
be returned in foreign currencies.

2. Rules for accounting of
exchange differences

a) The enterprise shall monitor
foreign currencies separately in the form of cash, bank deposit, receivables,
payables and capital contributed by owners.

…

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(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

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c) Foreign currency monetary items
must be reassessed at the closing average transfer rate of the enterprise’s
regular bank whenever a financial statement is prepared.

d) Exchange differences must not be
aggregated with value of construction work-in-progress.

3. Structure and contents of account
413 – Exchange differences

Debit:

– Loss on exchange rate due to
reassessment of foreign currency monetary items;

– Profit on exchange rate included
in financial income.

Credit:

– Profit on exchange rate due to
reassessment of foreign currency monetary items;

– Loss on exchange rate included in
financial expense.

…

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(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

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Article 53.
Account 418 – Other funds

1. Rules for accounting

This account reflects the current
value of other funds, increases and decreases thereof. The funds are derived
from profit exclusive of corporate income tax. The spending of other funds
shall comply with each enterprise’s regulations or the owner’s decision.

2. Structure and contents of
account 418 – Other funds

Debit: Spending of other
funds.

Credit: Increase in other
funds derived from after-tax profit.

Credit balance: Current
balance of other funds.

Article 54.
Account 419 – Treasury shares

1. Rules for accounting

…

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(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

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Treasury shares held by the company
do not pay dividends, have no voting rights and will not be included in asset
division upon the company’s dissolution. When dividends are distributed,
treasury shares held by the company shall be considered unsold shares.

b) The value of treasury shares
shall be recorded to this account at actual buying prices, inclusive of
directly attributable costs such as transaction expenses, information expense,
etc.

c) At the accounting period, when
the financial statement is prepared, the actual value of treasury shares shall
be recorded as a decrease in paid-in capital on the financial position
statement in the form of a negative number (…).

d) This account does not reflect
the value of shares purchased by the company from other joint-stock companies
for investment purposes.

dd) The cost of treasuring shares
when being reissued or given as dividends or rewards shall be calculated
according to the weighted average method.

e) In the cases where the
enterprise repurchase the shares its issued for destruction upon obtainment,
their value shall be recorded as a decrease in capital contributed by owners
and share premium (see instructions in Account 411 – Paid-in capital) instead
of to this account.

2. Structure and contents of
account 419 – Treasury shares

Debit: Actual value of
treasury shares upon purchase.

Credit: Actual value of
treasury shares upon issuance, dividend payment or cancellation.

…

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(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

Article 55.
Account 421 – Undistributed after-tax profit

1. Rules for accounting

a) This account reflects the business
outcome after corporate income tax is paid, division of profit or loss of the
enterprise.

b) Profit of the enterprise must be
divided in a transparent way and conformably with applicable finance policies.

c) The business outcome of each
fiscal year (previous year and current year), use of the enterprise’s profit
(contribution to funds, addition to paid-in capital, distribution of dividends
or profit to shareholders and investors) must be specified.

d) In the case of retrospective
application of accounting policies and retroactive adjustment of crucial errors
of previous years that are discovered in the current year that lead to
adjustments to opening undistributed profit, the opening balance of Account
4211 shall be increased or decreased on the accounting books and “undistributed
after-tax profits” on the financial position statement shall be increased or
decreased accordingly.

Every enterprise when distributing
profit should consider non-monetary items in undistributed after-tax profits
that might affect their cash flow and ability to pay dividends/profit, such as:

– Profit due to reassessment of
assets contributed as capital; reassessment of foreign currency monetary items;
reassessment of financial instruments;

– Other non-monetary items, etc.

…

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(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

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g) For preferred dividends payable:

– If the preferred shares are
classified as liabilities, the dividends derived from undistributed after-tax
profits shall not be recorded;

– If the preferred shares are
classified as equity, the preferred dividends payable shall be accounted for
similarly to dividends of common shares.

h) The enterprise shall monitor the
deductible loss and non-deductible loss in its internal administration system,
where:

– Deductible loss is a loss caused
by deductible expenses;

– Non-deductible loss is a loss
caused by non-deductible expenses.

When loss is carriedforward, the
enterprise may deduct the deductible loss from tax payable in the future.

2. Structure and contents of
account 421 – Undistributed after-tax profits

Debit:

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Contributions to the enterprise’s
funds;

– Distributed dividends and profits
among owners;

– Additional equity.

Credit:

– Actual profit on the enterprise’s
business operation in the period;

– Loss covered by superior units;

– Offset loss on the enterprise’s
operating activities.

This account may have a
credit balance or debit balance.

Debit balance: Unsettled
loss on business operation.

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

Account 421 comprises 2
sub-accounts:

– Account 4211 – Previous years’
after-tax profit: reflecting the previous years’ performance, distribution of
profit or loss. Account 4211 also reflects increases and decreases in
opening balance of Account 4211 because of retrospective adjustment due to
changes in accounting policies and retrospective adjustment of previous years’
crucial errors discovered in the current year.

In the beginning of the succeeding
year, the opening balance shall be transferred from Account 4212 “Current
year’s undistributed after-tax profits” to Account 4211 “Previous years’
undistributed after-tax profits”.

– Account 4212 – Current year’s
after-tax profit: reflecting the current year’s distribution of profit or loss.

Article 56.
Rules for revenue accounting

1. Revenue is economic benefits
that increase the enterprise’s equity, except additional capital contributed by
shareholders. Revenue recorded at the time of transaction where economic
benefit is certain shall be determined at the fair values of the amounts
receivable, whether the payment has been collected or not.

2. The revenue and cost of creation
of such revenue shall be simultaneously recorded according to matching
principle. In certain cases where conservatism principle conflicts with
matching principle, accountants shall record the revenue according to the
nature of the transaction.

– A business contract may comprise
multiple transactions. Accountants must identify them to apply appropriate
conditions for recording revenue.

– Revenue must be recorded
according to nature rather than appearance or name of the transaction and
distributed according to the obligation to provide goods/services.

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Regarding a transaction in which
the seller has obligations in the present and in the future, the revenue shall
be distributed according to fair value of each obligation and recorded when
such obligations are fulfilled.

3. Revenue, profit or loss is not
considered realized if an enterprise’s future obligation (except warranty) is
not fulfilled and economic benefit is not certain; the classification of
profits and loss as realized and unrealized depend on the existence of the cash
flow.

A profit or loss on reassessment of
assets or liabilities will be considered unrealized because at the time of
reassessment, the enterprise already has the assets and incur the liabilities.
Example: Profits or losses on reassessment of assets contributed as capital in
other entities or reassessment of primary assets according to fair values are
considered realized.

4. Revenue does not include amounts
collected on behalf of third parties, such as:

– Indirect tax (VAT, export duty,
special excise tax, environmental protection tax);

– Amounts collected by sellers on
behalf of goods owners under an agent contract;

– Surcharges in addition to selling
prices not retained by the seller;

– Other cases.

In the cases where indirect taxes
cannot be separately identified at the time of transaction, revenue on the
accounting books may include indirect taxes but they must be recorded as
decreases in revenue. However when the financial statement is prepared,
indirect taxes must be identified and removed from the revenue.

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

6. Recorded revenue only comprises
revenues in the accounting period. Revenue accounts do not have balance.
Revenue shall be carriedforward at the end of each accounting period to determine
business performance.

Article 57.
Account 511 – Revenue from goods sale and service provision

1. Accounting rules

1.1. This account reflects revenues
from:

a) Sale of goods produced or
purchased by the enterprise; sale of investment real property;

b) Provision of services:
performance of agreed tasks under contracts in one or several accounting
periods such as transport, tourism services, operating lease, revenue from
construction contracts, etc.

c) Other revenues.

1.2. Conditions for recording revenues

a) An enterprise shall record an
amount as revenue from goods sale when all of the following conditions are
satisfied:

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(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– The enterprise no longer
holds control over the product as its owner or controller;

– The revenue can be reliably
determined. If the contract allows the buyer to return the products under
certain conditions, the enterprise will only record the revenue if such
conditions are nonexistent and the buyer is not allowed to return the products
(except exchange of product/service);

– The enterprise has obtained or
will obtain economic benefits from the sale;

– Selling expenses are identified.

b) An enterprise shall record an
amount as revenue from service provision when all of the following conditions
are satisfied:

– The revenue can be reliably
determined. If the contract allows the buyer to return the service under
certain conditions, the enterprise will only record the revenue if such
conditions are nonexistent and the buyer is not allowed to return the service
rendered;

– The enterprise has obtained or
will obtain economic benefits from the provision of such service;

– Completed portions of the service
can be determined at the time of reporting;

– Transaction expenses and service
provision expenses can be identified.

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– If the business contracts
comprises goods sale and after-sale services (apart from common warranty
terms), the enterprise must separate revenue from goods sale and service
provision;

– If the contract stipulates that
the seller is responsible for installation, the revenue shall only be recorded
after the installation is completed;

– If the enterprise has the
obligation to provide complimentary goods or services to the buyer or give
discount, the account shall only record revenue from the provision of such
complimentary goods/services until the obligation to the buyer is fulfilled.

1.4. Net revenue from goods sale
and service provision in the accounting period may be lower than the initially
recorded revenue because the enterprise gives discounts or goods are returned
(because of unsatisfactory specifications or quality under business contracts);

In the cases where goods/services
sold in previous periods are discounted in the current period or goods are
returned, decreases in revenue shall be recorded as follows:

– If the goods/services sold in
previous periods and discounted or returned in the current period before the
financial statement is issued, this will be considered an event that occurs
after the financial statement is prepared and decreases in revenue shall be
recorded in the financial statement of the period.

– If the goods/services sold are
discounted or returned in after the financial statement is issued, decreases in
revenue shall be recorded in the period during which the event occurs.

1.5. Determination of revenues in
some cases:

1.5.1. Revenues from goods sale or
service provision exclusive of indirect taxes such as VAT (including VAT paid
directly), special excise tax, export duty or environmental protection tax.

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

1.5.2. In the cases where the
enterprise has issue a sale invoice and collect the payment but has not
delivered the product to the buyer, the value of such product will not be
considered a sale of the period and must not be recorded to Account 511
“Revenue from goods sale and service provision” and collected payment shall be
recorded to Cr 131 “Trade receivables”. When the product is delivered to the
buyer, the revenue will be recorded to Account 511 “Revenue from goods sale and
service provision” if conditions for recording revenue are satisfied.

1.5.3. In the cases where the
customer will only receive a promotional merchandise under certain conditions
e.g. buy two get one free, etc. the payment shall be distributed to the
promotional merchandise which is included in cost of goods sold, in which case
the transaction in a decrease in selling price.

1.5.4. In the cases where an
enterprise earns revenue from goods sale and service provision in foreign
currency and receive advance payment from the customer, such advance payment
shall be recorded at the actual exchange rate at the time of advance payment;
the remaining amount shall be recorded at the time actual exchange rate at the
time of recording.

1.5.5. Revenue from selling real
estate by an enterprise that is also the investor shall comply with the
following rules:

If the enterprise is the investor
in a construction work or work item (even if the enterprise is also the
executor), the enterprise must not record revenue from selling real estate and
revenue from advance payments collected from customers. Revenue from selling
real estate may be recorded when all of the following five conditions are
satisfied:

– The real estate is completed and
transferred to the buyer; the enterprise has transferred risks and benefits
associated to the real estate ownership to the buyer;

– The enterprise no longer holds
control over the real estate as its owner or controller;

– The revenue can be reliably
determined.

– The enterprise has obtained or
will obtain economic benefits from the sale;

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

1.5.6. If the enterprise sells goods
sold at fixed prices to earn commissions as an agent, revenue is the
commissions to which the enterprise is entitled.

1.5.7. Regarding export-import
entrustment, revenue is the entrustment fee.

1.5.8. Revenue from processing is
the payment for processing exclusive of the value of the processed goods.

1.5.9. In case of instalment plan,
the revenue shall be determined according to the asked price;

1.5.10. Rules for recording and
determining revenue from a construction contract:

a) Revenue from a construction
contract comprises:

– Initial revenue written in the
contract;

– Increases and decreases during
contract execution; bonuses and other payments that affect the revenue and can
be reliably determined:

+ Revenue from the contract may
increases or decreases by time. For instance: the contractor and customer
agrees on changes and increases or decreases to revenue from the contract in
the next period; the revenue agreed n the contract according to fixed prices
may increase because of increases in such prices; the revenue from the contract
may decrease because the contractor fails to adhere to the agreed schedule or
construction quality; the revenue from a fixed price contract may increase or
decrease when the volume of products increases or decreases

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Other payments from the customers
or third parties to cover expenses are not part of the contract value e.g.
Customer’s lateness; errors in technical specifications or design; dispute over
changes to contract execution. The determination of increases in revenue from
such payments depends on many uncertain factors and negotiations. Therefore,
they will only be included in revenue from a construction contract when:

+ The customer agrees to pay compensation
after negotiations;

+ Other payments are accepted by
the customer and can be reliably determined.

b) Revenue from a construction
contract shall be recorded as follows:

When the construction contract
outcome is reliably determined and certified by the customer, the revenues and
expenditures related to the contract shall be recorded according to the
completed works certified by the customer in the period as reflected by issued
invoices.

c) If the outcome of a construction
contract cannot be reliably estimated:

– Only the revenue corresponding to
the contract expenses incurred the recovery of which is relatively certain
shall be recorded;

– Contract expenses shall only be
recorded as expenses in the period after they are incurred.

1.5.11. Do not receive the
following amounts as revenue from goods sale or service provision:

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Revenue from selling products of
experimental production;

– Financial incomes;

– Other incomes

2. Structure and contents of
Account 511 – Revenue from goods sale and service provision

Debit:

– Indirect taxes payable;

– Deductions from revenue;

– Net revenue transferred to
Account 911.

Credit: Revenue from sale of
goods, investment real property and service provision by the enterprise in the
accounting period.

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

Account 511 – Revenue from
goods sale and service provision, comprising 4 sub-accounts:

– Account 5111 – Revenue from
goods sales: reflecting revenue and net revenue from goods sale in an
accounting period. This account is primarily used in trading of goods,
supplies, food, etc.

– Account 5112 – Revenue from
products: reflecting revenue and net revenue from sale of products (finished
products, semi-finished products) in an accounting period. This account is
primarily used in industry, agriculture, construction and installation,
aquaculture, forestry, etc.

– Account 5113 – Revenue from
service provision: reflecting revenue and net revenue from services provided
for customers and considered sold in an accounting period. This account is
primarily used in transport, postal services, tourism, public services, science
and technology services, accounting and auditing services, etc.

– Account 5118 – Other revenues:
reflecting revenue from transfer or liquidation of investment real property,
state subsidies, etc.

Article 58.
Account 515 – Financial income

1. Accounting rules

a) This account reflects the collection
of interests, royalties, dividends, distributable profits and other financial
incomes of the enterprise, including:

– Interests: loan interests,
deposit interests, instalment interests, deferred payment interests, interests
on bonds, treasury bills, payment discounts due to purchases of goods/services,
etc.;

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Incomes from investment and
trading in short-term and long-term securities; interest on stake transfer;

– Incomes from other investing
activities;

– Exchange rate profits earned in
the period and reassessment of foreign currency monetary items; profits on sale
of foreign currencies;

– Other financial incomes.

b) Revenue from trading securities
is the positive difference between the selling price and cost, which is the
book value determined using the weighted average method of FIFO, according to
the fair value of the proceeds. In case of securities trading in the form of
shares swapping, the value of shares received shall be determined according to
their fair value on the swapping date as follows:

– If the shares received are
listed, their fair value is the closing price listed on the swapping date. In
case the securities market is closed on the swapping date, the fair value of
shares is the closing price of the session preceding the swapping date.

– If the received shares are
unlisted, their fair value is the closing price announced on UPCOM on the
swapping date. In case the UPCOM is closed on the swapping date, the fair value
is the closing price of the session preceding the swapping date.

– If the received shares are other
unlisted shares, their fair value is the price agreed by the parties or book
value on the swapping date or at the end of the quarter preceding the swapping
date. Book value of shares:

Book
value of shares

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

Total
equity

Quantity
of shares on swapping date

c) Revenue from foreign currency
trading is the positive difference between the selling price and buying price.

d) Revenue from deposit interests does
not include the interest on temporary investment in creation of unfinished
assets;

dd) Revenues from loan interests,
instalment interests shall only be recorded if the collection thereof is
certain and the principal is not classified as overdue debts that need
provisions.

e) Regarding interests on
investment in shares or bonds, only the interests earned in the periods after
the enterprise purchases them may be recorded as revenues earned in the period;
accrued interests earned before the enterprise purchases them shall be recorded
as decreases in their historical cost.

g) When an investor receives shares
as dividends, he/she shall only monitor the increase in quantity of shares in the
notes to financial statement; do not record the value of shares received,
financial income and increase in investment value.

h) Foreign currency-related
financial incomes shall be accounted for in accordance with provisions of
Article 52 hereof.

2. Structure and contents of
account 515 – Financial income

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– VAT payable determined according
to direct method (if any);

– Net financial income transferred
to Account 911.

Credit: Financial incomes
earned in the period.

Account 515 does not have a closing
balance.

Article 59.
Rules for expense accounting

1. Expenses are decreases in
economic benefits recorded when incurred or due to the high probability that
they will be spent in the future, whether or not spent in reality.

2. Expenses are recognized before
they are spent due to the high probability that that they will be spent to
comply with conservatism principle and preserve capital. Expenses and revenues
they created shall be simultaneously recorded according to matching principle.
In certain cases where matching principle conflicts with conservatism
principle, accountants shall record expenses according to the nature of the
transaction.

3. Accountants accountant must keep
records of expenses related to salaries, raw materials, purchases, fixed asset depreciations,
etc.

4. If non-deductible expenses
defined by the Law on Corporate income tax are accompanied with adequate
documentary evidence and properly accounted for, they shall not be recorded as
decreases in accounting expenses and shall be adjusted in the annual corporate
income tax declaration to increase the amount of corporate income tax payable.

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

Article 60.
Account 611 – Purchases

1. Accounting rules

a) This account is intended to
reflect values of raw materials, tools, instruments, goods (hereinafter
referred to as “goods”) purchased, received or used in the period. Account 611
is only used by enterprises that apply the periodic inventory system.

b) The values of goods purchased
shall be reflected in Account 611 according to historical cost principle.

c) Where the periodic inventory
system is applied, the enterprise shall carryout stocktaking to determine the
quantity and value of each type of goods in stock at the end of the accounting
period to determine the value of inventory used and sold in the period.

d) Periodic inventory system:
Historical cost of goods shall be recorded to Account 611 according to sale
invoices, transport invoices, receipt note, import duty notice (or import duty
payment receipt, etc.) when they are purchased. Goods used or sold shall be
recorded once at the end of each period according to the stocktaking result.

dd) Accountants shall record
specific historical cost of goods by category.

2. Structure and contents of
account 611 – Purchases

Debit:

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Historical cost of goods
purchased in the period.

Credit:

– Carriedforward historical cost of
goods at the end of the period (according to stocktaking result);

– Historical costs of goods used in
the period or historical cost of goods sold or delivered for sale (not considered
“sold”);

– Historical cost of goods
purchased but returned to sellers or discounted.

Account 611 does not have a
closing balance.

Article 61.
Account 631 – Prime cost

1. Accounting rules

a) This account is intended to reflect
production cost and calculate prime cost of goods/services of enterprises
applying the periodic inventory system.

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(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

c) Only record the following costs
to Account 631:

– Direct costs of raw materials;

– Direct labor cost;

– Costs of construction machinery
(for construction);

– Factory overhead.

d) The following expenses shall not
be recorded to account 631:

– Selling expenses;

– Administration expenses;

– Financial expenses;

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(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

dd) Expenses incurred by the
production units and sale units serving the enterprise’ business operation,
costs of goods and materials and processing expenses (internally or externally)
are also reflected by Account 631.

e) Account 631 must be kept
according to places where expenses are incurred and categories of
goods/services.

g) Actual prime cost of
agricultural products shall be determined at the end of the crop or year. The
prime cost shall be calculated in the year in which products are harvested. To
be specific, if the costs are incurred in one year but products are harvested
in the next, the prime cost shall be calculated in the latter year.

– In farming, costs shall be
classified according:

+ Short-term crops;

+ Multi-harvesting single plants
(pineapples, bananas, etc);

+ Perennial plants.

For crops harvested two or three
times in a year, crops harvested one time every two years and crops that may be
planted and harvested at the same in the year, etc. the costs between two
continuous crops, two areas, two continuous years, etc. shall be separately
recorded. Do not record costs of planting and cultivating perennial plants
during capital construction stage in Account 631.

Regarding the costs related to
multiple accounting entities, multiple crops or multiple periods, they shall be
recorded to separate accounts, then distributed to prime cost of relevant
products: cost of irrigation water, the cost of land preparation and planting
of crops harvested several times (this cost is not investment in capital
construction), etc.

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

Costs of perennial plants, the
progress from tillage, sowing, plant care to the onset of production
(harvesting or bearing) shall be recorded to account 241 “Capital construction
in progress” similarly to investment in requisition of fixed assets.

– The expenses of animal husbandry
must be sorted by type or group of animal (cattle, pig, etc); Large livestock
and fattening animal shall be recorded to Account 631 according to their
remaining value.

h) In transport, account 631 must
be kept records in details for every operation (passenger transport, freight
transport, etc.) During the transport process, the tires might be replaced
several times because they are worn out more quickly than the depreciation rate
of the vehicle. However, the value of tires shall be recorded as accrued
expense or monthly depreciated instead of being included once in the prime cost
of transport.

i) In hotel business, Account 631
is used to record every type of service, such as: food and drink,
accommodation, entertainment, other services (laundry, haircuts, telegram,
sports, etc).

2. Structure and contents of
account 631 – Prime cost

Debit:

– Opening production expenses and selling
expenses related to work in progress.

– Opening production expenses and
selling expenses incurred in the period.

Credit:

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Closing production expenses and
selling expenses transferred to Account 154 “Work in progress”.

Account 631 does not have a
closing balance.

Article 62.
Account 632 – Cost of goods sold

1. Accounting rules

a) This account reflects the costs
of goods, services, investment property, prime cost of construction and
installation products (of construction enterprises) sold in a period. This
account also reflects expenses related to the sale of investment property such
as: appreciation, repair, operating lease, liquidation costs, etc.

b) Provision against devaluation of
inventory is included to cost of goods sold on the basis of the quantity of
inventory and negative difference between net realizable value and historical
cost of inventory. When determining the quantity of devaluated inventory
requiring provision, accountants must remove those covered by concluded sale
contracts (whose net realizable value is not lower than book value) but not
delivered to customers if it is evident that such customers will not cancel the
contract; remove inventory serving capital construction and inventory serving
manufacture of products whose selling prices are not lower than their prime
cost.

c) Accountants shall include the
value of loss of goods in cost of goods sold (excluding compensations, if any).

d) Import duty, special excise tax,
environmental protection tax that were included in the value of purchased goods
and are refunded when they are sold shall be recorded as decreases in cost of
goods sold.

e) If non-deductible expenses
defined by the Law on Corporate income tax are accompanied with adequate
documentary evidence and properly accounted for, they shall not be recorded as
decreases in accounting expenses and shall be adjusted in the annual corporate
income tax declaration to increase the amount of corporate income tax payable.

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

2.1. Enterprises using perpetual
inventory system.

Debit:

– Regarding goods/services:

+ Costs of goods/services sold in
the period.

+ Cost of raw materials, labor in
excess to the normal rate and non0allocated factory overhead that is included
in cost of goods sold in the period;

+Loss of goods minus compensations
paid by individuals;

+ Provision against devaluation of
inventory (positive difference between provision against devaluation of
inventory of the current year and unused provision of the previous year).

– Regarding investment property:

+ Depreciation of investment
property for operating lease in the period;

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

+ Operating lease expenses incurred
in the period;

+ Remaining value of investment
property sold or liquidated in the period;

+ Investment property sale or
liquidation expenses incurred in the period;

+ Loss due to devaluation of
investment property is held for capital appreciation;

+ Accrued expenses regarding real
property considered “sold”.

Credit:

– Cost of goods/services sold in
the period transferred to Account 911;

– Carriedforward investment
property selling expenses incurred in the period;

– Reversed provision against
devaluation of inventory at the end of the fiscal year (negative difference
between current year’s provision against devaluation of inventory and the
previous year’s provision).

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Reversed accrued expense
regarding real property considered sold (positive unspent accrued expenses and
spent actual expenses);

– Discounts received after sale;

– Increases in costs of investment
property held for capital appreciation when it is evident that investment
property will increase in prices;

– Import duty, special excise tax,
environmental protection tax that included in the value of purchased goods and
refunded when they are sold.

Account 632 does not have a
closing balance.

2.2. Enterprises using
periodic inventory system.

2.2.1. Goods-trading
enterprises

Debit:

– Cost of goods sold in the period.

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

Credit:

– Carriedforward costs of goods
delivered for sale but are not considered “sold”;

– Reversed provision against
devaluation of inventory at the end of the fiscal year (negative difference
between current year’s provision and previous year’s provision).

– Cost of goods sold transferred to
Account 911.

2.2.2. Manufacturing and
service-providing enterprises

Debit:

– Opening cost of finished products
and services in stock;

– Provision against devaluation of
inventory (positive difference between current year’s provision and unused
provision of the previous year);

– Cost of finished products in
stock and rendered services.

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Closing cost of finished products
and services in stock transferred to the debit side of Account 155 “Finished
products” and Account 154 “Work in progress”;

– Reversed provision against
devaluation of inventory at the end of the fiscal year (negative difference
between current year’s provision and unused provision of the previous year);

– Cost of finished products sold
and rendered services considered sold transferred to the debit side of Account
911.

Account 632 does not have a
closing balance.

Article 63.
Account 635 – Financial expenses

1. Accounting rules

a) This account reflects finance
expenses, including:

– Loan interests, instalment
interests, finance lease interests;

– Discounts given to buyers;

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Exchange loss incurred in the
period; exchange loss due to reassessment of foreign currency monetary items;
Loss on sale of foreign currencies;

– Provision against devaluation of
trading securities; provisions against impairment of investments in other
entities;

– Costs of other financial
investments;

– Other financial expenses.

b) Do not record the following
amounts to account 635:

– Costs of production or service
provision;

– Selling expenses;

– Administration expenses;

– Real estate trading expenses;

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Expenses covered by other
sources.

– Other expenses.

c) Foreign currency-related
financial expenses shall be accounted for in accordance with provisions of
Article 52 hereof.

2. Structure and contents of
account 635 – Financial expenses

Debit:

– Financial expenses incurred in
the period;

– Provision against devaluation of
trading securities and provisions against impairment of investments in other
entities (positive difference between provision of current period and that of
previous period).

Credit:

– Provision against devaluation of
trading securities and provisions against impairment of investments in other
entities (negative difference between provision of current period and unused
provision of previous period);

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để sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.

Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Carriedforward financial expenses
at the end of the accounting period.

Account 635 does not have a
closing balance.

Article 64.
Account 642 – Administration expenses

1. Accounting rules

1.1. This account reflects administration
expenses, including selling expenses and administration expenses:

Selling expenses include expenses
incurred during the process of selling goods/services, including offering,
introduction and advertising expenses, commissions, warranty expenses (except
construction), storage, packaging and delivery expenses, payment for sales
persons (salaries and allowances, etc.), social insurance, health insurance,
trade union fees, unemployment insurance, occupational accident insurance for
sales persons; costs of working materials and depreciation of fixed assets of
sales departments; external services (electricity, water, telephone, fax,
etc.); other cash expenses.

Enterprise administration expenses
include general administration expenses of the enterprise such as salaries and
allowances of managers; social insurance, health insurance, trade union fees,
unemployment insurance for managers; costs of office supplies, working
instruments, depreciation of fixed assets used for enterprise management; land
rents, license tax; allowance for bad debts; external services
(electricity, water, telephone, fax, asset insurance, fire insurance, etc.);
other cash expenses (public relations, events, etc.).

1.2. Selling expenses and
enterprise administration expenses are not deductible from corporate income tax
but if they are accompanied with adequate documentary evidence and properly
accounted for, they shall not be recorded as decreases in accounting expenses
and shall be adjusted in the annual corporate income tax declaration to
increase the amount of corporate income tax payable.

1.3. Every specific expense shall
be recorded to Account 642. Expenses recorded to Account 642 may be divided
into selling expenses, enterprise administration expenses, etc.

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Labor expenses: payments to
sales persons, packaging, delivery, storage employees, etc. including their
salaries, allowances for meals, contributions to social insurance, health
insurance, unemployment insurance, trade union fees, etc.

– Packaging expenses: costs of
materials and packages serving storage and sale of goods/services such as
packaging materials, materials, serving repair and preservation of fixed
assets, etc. used for sales departments.

– Costs of tools and instruments
serving the sale of goods/services such as measuring, calculating, working
instruments, etc.

– Depreciation of fixed assets
of storage and sales departments such as warehouses, depots, outlets, material
handling equipment, vehicles, calculating equipment, measuring equipment,
quality control equipments, etc.

– Costs of product warranty.
Costs of warranty of construction works shall be recorded to Account 154.

– Costs of external services
such as lease of fixed assets serving the sales process, warehouse rents,
payments for material handling and delivery services, commissions for agents
and export trustees, etc.

– Other cash expenses incurred
during the sales process other than the aforementioned expenses such as
customer care expenses, product introduction, sales promotion, advertising,
offering, customer convention expenses, etc.

b) Enterprise administration
expenses:

– Costs of managers: Payments to
enterprise managers such as salaries, allowances, social insurance, health
insurance, unemployment insurance, trade union fees of the Board of Directors
and department managers.

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Office supplies expenses (the prices
of which might be inclusive of exclusive of VAT)

– Depreciation of fixed assets
used by the enterprise such as buildings, warehouses, structures, transmission
equipment, management equipment in offices, etc.

– Taxes, fees and charges such
as license tax, land rents, etc. and other fees and charges.

– Provisions: allowance for bad
debts, provisions for payables included in the enterprise’s operating expenses.

– Costs of external services serving
enterprise management; payments for purchase and use of technical documents,
patents, etc. (not qualified as fixed assets) shall be gradually aggregated
with enterprise administration expenses; rents for fixed assets; payments for
subcontractors.

– Other cash expenses: Other
management expenses of the enterprise apart from the aforementioned expenses
such as: convention expenses, business trip expenses, traveling expenses,
expenditures on female workers, etc.

1.4. Regarding promotional
merchandise:

– Values of promotional merchandise
that are given unconditionally shall be recorded as selling expenses.

– Values of promotional merchandise
that are given conditionally (buy 2 get one free, etc.) shall be recorded as
cost of goods sold.

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

+ The distributor must monitor the
quantity of such merchandise in their internal management system and specify it
in the Notes to financial statement.

+ At the end of the sales promotion
period, the remaining promotional merchandise that is not returned to the
manufacturers shall be recorded as other income.

2. Structure and contents of
Account 642

Debit:

– Administration expenses incurred
in the period;

– Allowance for bad debts and
payables (positive difference between provision of the current period and
unused provision of the previous period);

Credit:

– Decreases in administration
expenses;

– Reversed allowance for bad debts
and payables (negative difference between provision of the current period and
unused provision of the previous period);

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

Account 642 does not have a
closing balance.

Account 642 comprises:

– Account 6421 – Selling
expenses: reflecting selling expenses incurred during the process of selling
goods and providing services, transfer of selling expenses to Account 911.

– Account 6422 – Enterprise
administration expenses: reflecting general administration expenses incurred in
the period and transferred to Account 911.

Article 65.
Account 711 – Other incomes

1. Accounting rules

a) This account reflects the
incomes other than those from the enterprise’s ordinary business operation,
including:

– Income from sale, liquidation of
fixed assets;

– Positive differences between fair
values of distributed assets under BCCs and investment in assets under joint
ownership;

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Taxes payable when selling
goods/services and then reduced or refunded;

– Collected fines for breach of
contract from customers;

– Collected compensations from
third parties to reimburse for loss of assets e.g. insurance indemnities,
compensation for business relocation and similar amounts);

– Collected bad debts;

– Collected debts without
identified creditors;

– Bonuses for customers related to
sale of goods/services not included in revenue (if any);

– Gifts in cash or in kind for the
enterprise;

– Value of promotional merchandise
not returned to manufacturers;

– Other incomes.

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– For the seller: Fines for breach
of contracts collected from the buyer other than contract value shall be
recorded as other income.

– For the buyer:

+ All the fines in nature are
discounts on purchased goods and shall be recorded as decreases in asset values
or payments (no other income) unless relevant assets have been sold or
liquidated.

For instance, when the building
contractor runs behind schedule, the investor may impose a fine by withdrawing
part of the payment. Such withdrawal will be recorded as a decrease in
construction value. However, if the fine is collected after the asset is sold
or liquidated, it will be recorded as other income.

+ Other fines shall be recorded as
other income earned in the period e.g. the buyer is entitled to receive the
merchandise and impose a fine if the seller fails to deliver it on schedule
according to the contract, in which case the fine will be recorded as other
income if its collection is certain. If the buyer still receives the
merchandise and the fine is deducted from the amount payable, the amount
payable in reality will be recorded as merchandise value; the fine shall not be
recorded as other income.

2. Structure and contents of
Account 711 – Other incomes

Debit:

– VAT payable (if any) on other
incomes if the enterprise pays VAT directly.

– Other incomes earned in the
period and transferred to Account 911.

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

Account 711 does not have a
closing balance.

Article 66.
Account 811 – Other expenses

1. Accounting rules

a) This account reflects expenses
incurred due to events or operations other than the enterprise’s ordinary
operations. Other expenses may include:

– Fixed asset liquidation or sale
expenses (including bidding expenses). The proceeds from selling bidding
documents shall be recorded as decreases in fixed asset liquidation or sale
expenses;

– Negative differences between fair
values of distributed assets under BCCs and investment in assets under joint
ownership;

– Remaining value of demolished
fixed assets;

– Remaining value of investment
property sold or liquidated;

– Loss due to reassessment of goods
or fixed assets contributed as capital in jointly controlled entities or
associate companies and other investments;

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Other expenses.

b) If non-deductible expenses
defined by the Law on Corporate income tax are accompanied with adequate documentary
evidence and properly accounted for, they shall not be recorded as decreases in
accounting expenses and shall be adjusted in the annual corporate income tax
declaration to increase the amount of corporate income tax payable.

2. Structure and contents of
Account 811 – Other expenses

Debit: Other expenses
incurred.

Debit: Other expenses
incurred in the period and transferred to Account 911.

Account 811 does not have a
closing balance.

Article 67.
Account 821 – Corporate income tax

1. Accounting rules

a) Corporate income tax accounting
rules

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– Corporate income tax recorded to this
account is the amount of corporate income tax on taxable income earned in the
year and the applicable corporate income tax rate.

– Accountant shall record corporate
income tax payable quarterly according to tax payment documents. At the end of
the fiscal year, according to the annual tax declaration, if the corporate
income tax paid in the year is smaller than the amount payable, accountants
shall record the additional amount of corporate income tax payable to this
account.

– Immaterial errors in the corporate
income tax payable of previous years may be recorded as increases or decreases
in corporate income tax payable in the year in which such errors are
discovered.

– In case of material errors,
accountants shall make retroactive adjustments.

– When preparing a financial
statement, accounting shall transfer corporate income tax to Account 911.

2. Structure and contents of
account 821 – Corporate income tax

Debit:

– Corporate income tax incurred in
the year;

– Corporate income tax arrears of
previous years due to immaterial errors recorded as increases in corporate
income tax payable in the current year.

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0906 22 99 66

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– Negative difference between
corporate income tax payable in the year and corporate income tax paid in
reality, which is recorded as a decrease in corporate income tax of the year.

– Decreases in corporate income tax
payable due to previous years’ immaterial errors;

– Positive difference between
corporate income tax incurred in the year and the decrease in corporate income
tax in the year transferred to Account 911.

Account 821 does not have a
closing balance.

Article 68.
Account 911 – Business performance

1. Accounting rules

a) This account reflects outcomes
of the enterprise’s business operations and other activities in an accounting
period. An enterprise’s business outcome includes the outcome of business
operation, outcome of financing activities and outcome of other activities.

– The outcome of business operation
is the difference between net revenue and cost of goods sold (including goods,
investment property, services, prime cost of construction, expenses relevant to
sale of investment property such as: depreciation, costs of repair, upgrade,
operating lease, liquidation), selling expenses and enterprise administration
expenses.

– The outcome of financing
activities is the difference between financial income and financial expense.

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b) This account must accurate
reflect the business outcome of an accounting period. An enterprise’s business
outcome shall be sorted by type (production, processing, trading, service
provision, financing activities, etc.). Each category may be divided into
subcategories.

c) Revenues and incomes transferred
to this account are net revenues and net incomes.

2. Structure and contents of
Account 911

Debit:

– Cost of goods, investment
property and services sold;

– Financial expenses, corporate
income tax and other expenses;

– Selling expenses and enterprise
administration expenses;

– Carriedforward profits.

Credit:

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– Financial incomes, other incomes
and decreases in corporate income tax;

– Carriedforward loss.

Account 911 does not have a
closing balance.

Chapter III

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SECTION 1.
GENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 69.
Purposes of financial statements

1. The financial statement is
intended to provide information about an enterprise’s finance, business performance
and cash flows to meet the needs for management of its owner, regulatory bodies
and other users in making business decisions. A financial statement must
provide information about an enterprise’s:

a) Assets;

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c) Equity;

d) Other incomes, operating
expenses and other expenses;

dd) Profit, loss and distribution
of business outcome.

2. Apart from the aforementioned
information, the enterprise must provide other information in the notes to
financial statement to provide further explanation for the financial statement
and accounting policies applied.

Article 70.
Scope, responsibility to prepare financial statements and signatures thereon

1. Annual financial statements
shall be prepared by:

Every small and medium enterprise
in every field and economic sector in Vietnam.

2. Financial statements shall be
signed in accordance with the Law on Accounting. In the cases where an
enterprise hires an external service provider to prepare its financial
statement, the preparer shall sign and specify the number of his/her
certificate of accounting service registration and his/her workplace on the
financial statement.

Article 71.
Financial statement system

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a) Mandatory statements:

– Financial position statement

Form B01a – DNN

– Business outcome statement

Form B02 – DNN

– Notes to financial statement

Form B09 – DNN

The enterprise may use Form B01b – DNN
instead of Form B01a – DNN to prepare the financial position statement if it is
more appropriate.

The financial statement submitted
to the tax authority must be enclosed with the balance sheet (Form F01 – DNN).

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– Cash flow statement

Form B03 – DNN

2. The annual financial statement
system applied to small and medium enterprises not satisfying the going concern
assumption include:

a) Mandatory statements:

– Financial position statement

Form B01 – DNNKLT

– Business outcome statement

Form B02 – DNN

– Notes to financial statement

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b) Optional statements:

– Cash flow statement

Form B03 – DNN

3. The mandatory annual financial statement
system applied to ultra-small enterprises includes:

– Financial position statement

Form B01 – DNSN

– Business outcome statement

Form B02 – DNSN

– Notes to financial statement

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The forms above shall be used for preparation
of financial statements. Enterprises may adjust the form to suit their
operation as long as such adjustments are approved by the Ministry of Finance
before application.

An enterprise may prepare other
statements to satisfy its needs for business administration.

4. The contents and presentation of
statements shall be consistently applied to small and medium enterprises.

Article 72.
Information in financial statement

1. Information in a financial
statement must be adequate, objective and correct to truthfully and reasonably
reflect the enterprise’s finance and business performance.

– Information is considered
adequate when it is able to help the financial statement users understand the
nature, forms and risks of the transactions and events therein. For certain
entries, it is required to contain additional description of quality, factors
and situations that might affect their quality and nature.

– Objective presentation means
being impartial when selecting or describing financial information. Objective
presentation must ensure neutrality without emphasizing or mitigating or
changing the influence of financial information in a way that is advantageous
or disadvantageous to financial statement users.

– Correctness means no omission in
description of phenomena and no errors in provision of selected and applied
information. Correctness does not mean absolute accuracy in every aspect e.g.
accuracy of estimated unobservable prices and values. The presentation of an
estimate is considered truthful if the estimate is clearly described, its
nature and limitations of the estimation process are explained and there are no
errors in selection of appropriate data in the estimation process.

2. Financial information must be
suitable for financial statement users to anticipate, analyze and make business
decisions.

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4. Financial information must be
verifiable and understandable.

5. Financial information must be
consistently presented and comparable between accounting periods and among
small and medium enterprises.

6. Entries without data may be
excluded from the financial statement. Enterprises may change the order of
entries in each part.

Article 73.
Rules for preparing and presenting financial statements of enterprises satisfying
the going concern assumption

1. A financial statement must
correctly reflect the nature of transactions and events rather than their legal
form.

2. The value of an asset be
recorded must not be higher than the recoverable value; the value of a liability
be recovered must not be lower than the value payable.

3. Classification of assets and
liabilities: assets and liabilities on a financial position statement shall be
sorted by liquidity in descending order, or by term (short-term and long-term).
Those in the financial position statement of an extra-small enterprise may be
sorted by liquidity in descending order.

4. If assets and liabilities of a
financial position statement are sorted by term.

Assets and liabilities in the financial
position statement shall be classified as short-term and long-term according to
the enterprise’s ordinary score of business. To be specific:

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– Assets to be obtained or
liabilities to be paid within 12 months from the date of the financial
statement shall be classified as short-term;

– Assets to be obtained or
liabilities to be paid after 12 months from the date of the financial statement
shall be classified as long-term.

b) If the enterprise’s ordinary
score of business longer than 12 months, its assets and liabilities shall be
classified as short-term and long-term as follows:

– Assets to be obtained or
liabilities to be paid within an ordinary course of business shall be
classified as short-term;

– Assets to be obtained or
liabilities to be paid after an ordinary course of business shall be classified
as long-term.

In this case, the enterprise must explain
its ordinary course of business and provide evidence.

c) Regarding enterprises whose
assets and liabilities cannot be classified by term because of the nature of
their operations, their assets and liabilities shall be presented as instructed
in (a).

5. Assets and liabilities shall be
separately presented. Only assets and liabilities related to the same entity,
derived from the transactions and events of the same category may be offset
against each other.

6. Revenues, incomes and expenses
shall be presented in accordance with matching principle and conservatism
principle. The income statement and cash flow statement reflect the revenues,
incomes, expenses and cash flows of the accounting period. Material errors in
revenues, incomes, expenses of previous periods that affect the business
performance and cash flows must be retrospectively adjusted by making another
statement instead of directly adjusting the erroneous statement. Extra-small
enterprises may directly adjust the erroneous statements.

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1. When preparing a financial
statement, the enterprise is considered satisfying going concern assumption. An
enterprise does not satisfy going concern assumption if it fails to submit an
application for extension of the operation period, is dissolved, bank rapt,
shut down (according to written notification to a competent authority) within
12 months from the day on which the financial statement is prepared (for
enterprises whose ordinary course of business is not longer than 12 months) or
within an ordinary course of business (for enterprises whose ordinary course of
business is longer than 12 months).

2. An enterprise satisfies going
concern assumption in the following cases:

– Change of form of ownership,
change of type of business entity e.g. conversion of a limited liability
company into a joint-stock company and vice versa;

– Conversion of a unit having an
independent legal status into a unit without independent legal status e.g.
conversion of a subsidiary company into a branch or vice versa.

3. When an enterprise does not
satisfy the going concern assumption, the financial statement must specify
that:

– The enterprise does not satisfy the
going concern assumption and the financial position statement is prepared
according to Form B01 – DNNKLT;

– The income statement and cash
flow statement are prepared according to B02 – DNN and B03 – DNN;

– The notes to financial statement
are prepared according to Form B09 – DNNKLT.

4. In the cases where an enterprise
no longer satisfies going concern assumption at the time of preparing the
financial statement, the enterprise shall classify its assets and liabilities
by liquidity in descending order in instead of by term.

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5.1. Some cases in which an
enterprise is not required to reassess its assets and liabilities when there is
a third party inherits its assets or liabilities:

a) A unit is merged into another
unit and the acquirer is committed to inherit all rights and obligations of the
acquired according to book values;

b) A unit is divided into smaller
units which are committed to inherit all rights and obligations of the divided
unit according to book values;

c) A third party guaranties to
acquire the assets of the dissolved unit according to book values and such
acquisition takes place before the official date of shutdown of the dissolved
unit;

c) A third party guaranties to
acquire the liabilities of the dissolved unit and the dissolved unit only has
the obligation to pay such third party at book values;

5.2. Rules for reassessment of
assets and liabilities:

(a) Assets:

– Reassessed value of inventory
shall be the lesser of the historical cost and net realizable value at the time
of preparing the financial statement;

– Reassessed value of a tangible fixed
asset, intangible fixed asset and or piece of investment property shall be the
lesser of the remaining value and recoverable value at the time of preparing
the financial statement (liquidation price minus estimated liquidation
expenses) Reassessed value of a finance lease asset, if repurchase of which is
mandatory, shall be value of the remaining finance lease liabilities payable to
the lessor if it will be returned to the lessor;

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– Reassessed value of registered
securities shall be their fair value. Fair value of listed securities or UPCOM
securities is the closing price of closing price on the reporting date (or the
preceding session if the market is closed on the reporting date);

– Investments in other entities
shall be recorded at their book values or recoverable values at the time of
reporting (intended selling price minus estimated selling expenses), whichever
is lower;

– Reassessed values of held to
maturity investments and receivables shall be recoverable amounts in reality.

b) Reassessed values of liabilities
shall be agreed by the parties in writing. If there is no agreement:

– Reassessed value of a cash
liability shall be the higher of its book value and value of the liability paid
ahead of schedule according to the contract;

– Reassessed value of a primary
asset liability shall be the higher of its book value and fair value at the
time of reporting;

– Reassessed value of a liability
in the form of inventory shall be the higher of its book value and its buying
price (plus directly attributable costs) or prime cost of inventory at the time
of reporting;

– Reassessed value of a liability
in the form of a fixed asset shall be the higher of its book value and its
buying price (plus directly attributable costs) or remaining value at the time
of reporting.

c) Foreign currency monetary items
shall be reassessed at the closing average transfer rate of the enterprise’s
regular bank at the reporting time if the enterprise satisfies the going
concern assumption.

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a) Provisions or losses of assets
shall be recorded as decreases in book values of assets; do not make a
provision in Account 299 – “Provisions for loss of assets”;

b) Depreciation or losses of fixed
assets and investment property shall be recorded as decreases in their book
values; do not use Account 214 to reflect accumulated depreciation.

7. When an enterprise no longer
satisfies the going concern assumption:

– Future losses shall be recorded
as accrued expenses if the incurrence of such losses is relatively certain and
their values can be reliably determined; Current liabilities shall be recorded
even if documents are inadequate if the payment thereof is certain.- The
enterprise shall record all accumulated exchange differences on the financial
position statement (such as exchange differences from conversion of the
financial statement into VND) as financial income (in case of profits) or
financial expenses (in case of losses).

– All remaining prepaid expenses
such as goodwill derived from business consolidation that does not result in a
parent company-subsidiary company relationship; tools and instruments in use;
enterprise establishment expenses; launching expenses, etc. shall be recorded
as decreases to expenses. Prepaid expenses related to asset lease, prepaid loan
interests shall be allocated according to the remaining prepayment period until
official date of shutdown;

– Remaining differences between
profits and losses of an enterprise satisfying the going concern assumption
when reassessing assets and liabilities after being offset against provisions
(if any) shall be recorded as financial incomes, other incomes, financial
expenses or other expenses on a case-by-case basis.

8. In the cases where an enterprise
no longer satisfies going concern assumption at the time of reporting, the
enterprise shall explain the ability to generate cash and pay debts and equity
to shareholders, and explain the incomparability of information of the current
period and that of the comparable period. To be specific:

– Probable proceeds from
liquidation of assets or collection of debts;

– Ability to pay debts in order of
priority such as state budget, employees, lenders, suppliers;

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– Time limit for paying debts and
equity.

– Reason for failure to compare
information: The financial statement of the previous period was prepared
according to the form for enterprises satisfying the going concern assumption.
The financial statement is prepared under different accounting policies (not
satisfying the going concern assumption) because the enterprise is undergoing
dissolution, bankruptcy or shutdown under a decision by a competent authority
(specify name of authority and decision number) or the Board of Directors
(specify decision number and date).

Article 75.
Rules for preparing and presenting financial statements when changing
accounting cycle

When the accounting cycle is
changed e.g. from calendar year to another cycle, the enterprise shall close
its accounting books and prepare a financial statement as follows:

1. The change of the accounting
cycle must comply with provisions of the Law on Accounting. If the annual
accounting cycle is changed, accountants shall prepare a separate financial
statement for the period between the old and new accounting periods.

Example: An enterprise’s accounting
period of 2014 is the same as the calendar year. In 2015, its accounting period
begins on April 1 of the year to March 31 of the succeeding year. In this case
a separate financial statement for the period from January 01, 2015 to March
31, 2015 must be prepared.

2. Regarding financial position
statement: all assets, liabilities and equity of the previous period shall be
recorded as opening balance of the new period.

3. Regarding income statement and
cash flow statement: data from the change of accounting cycle to the end of the
first period shall be recorded in “This period” column; data of the last 12
months shall be recorded in “Previous period” column.

Example: In the same situation,
data from April 1, 2014 to March 31, 2015 will be recorded in “Previous column”
of the income statement.

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A converted enterprise shall close
its accounting books and prepare the financial statement as prescribed by law.
In the first accounting period after conversion, the enterprise shall prepare
its accounting books and financial statement as follows:

1. In accounting books of the new
enterprise, all assets, liabilities and equity of the old enterprise shall be
recorded as opening balance.

2. In the financial position
statement of the new enterprise, all assets, liabilities and equity inherited
from the old enterprise shall be recorded as opening balance.

3. In the income statement and cash
flow statement, data from the change of accounting cycle to the end of the
first period shall be recorded in “This period” column; data of “This period”
of the previous statement shall be recorded in “Previous period” column. The
reasons for failure to compare data in “Previous period” column and “This
period” column must be specified in the notes to financial statement.

Article 77.
Rules for preparing and presenting financial statements upon divisions, consolidation
and merger of enterprises

1. The accounting unit that is
partially or fully divided, or consolidated with another (the transferor) shall
perform accounting tasks defined by the Law on Accounting. The new accounting
unit (the transferee) shall perform accounting tasks of the first period as
follows:

– All assets, liabilities and
equity in accounting books of the transferor shall be transferred to the
transferee.

– In the financial position
statement of the transferee, the opening balance is empty and must be explained
in the notes to financial statement.

– In the income statement and cash
flow statement, only data from the division or consolidation time to the end of
the period shall be recorded to “This period” column. The “Previous period” is
empty and must be explained in the notes to financial statement.

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– All assets, liabilities and
equity in accounting books of the acquired (the transferor) shall be
transferred to the transferee. Opening balance of the transferee will remain
unchanged.

– Regarding financial position
statement: all assets, liabilities and equity of the transferor shall be
recorded to “Ending balance” of the transferee. The “Opening balance” column of
the transferee will remain unchanged.

– Regarding income statement and
cash flow statement: all data of the transferor shall be recorded to “This
period” column of the transferee and explained in the notes to financial
statement.

Article 78.
Currency in financial statements made publicly available and submitted to
Vietnamese regulatory bodies

1. The currency in a financial
statement that is made publicly available or submitted to Vietnamese regulatory
bodies must be VND. In the cases where a financial statement is uses a foreign
currency, it must be converted into VND and enclosed with the financial
statement in foreign currency when made publicly available and submitted to
Vietnamese regulatory bodies. Financial statements serving determination of
enterprises’ tax liability shall be made in accordance with tax laws.

2. Method for conversion of a
financial statement in foreign currency into VND:

a) Accountants shall carry out the
following conversions:

– Assets and liabilities shall be
converted into VND at the closing average transfer rate of the enterprise’s
regular bank;

– Equity (capital contributed by
owners, share premium, other capitals) shall be converted into VND at actual
exchange rates on contribution dates;

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Paid profits and dividends shall
be converted into VND at actual exchange rates on payment dates;

– Items in the income statement and
cash flow statement shall be converted into VND at actual exchange rates on
occurrence dates or the annual average transfer rate (if the average exchange
rate is close to the actual rate).

b) Accounting of exchange
differences due to conversion of financial statement into VND.

Exchange differences due to
conversion of a financial statement into VND shall be recorded to “Exchange
difference” in equity part of the financial position statement.

Article 79.
Rules for preparing financial statements in case of change in accounting
currency

1. When the accounting currency is
changed, in the first period from the day on which such change is made,
accountants shall convert the balances in accounting books at the closing average
transfer rate of the enterprise’s regular bank on the date of change.

2. The average transfer rate of the
preceding period shall apply to comparable information in the income statement
and cash flow statement of the period in which accounting currency is changed.

3. When changing accounting
currency, the enterprise shall specify the reasons and its effects to the
financial statement on the notes to financial statement.

Article 80.
Responsibility and time limit for preparing and submitting financial statement

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

a) Every small and medium
enterprise shall prepare and send its financial statement within 90 days from
the end of the fiscal years to relevant authorities.

b) Apart from the annual financial
statement, an enterprise may prepare monthly or quarterly financial statements
if necessary.

2. Recipients of annual financial
statements:

Annual financial statements shall
be submitted to tax authorities, business registration authorities and
statistics authorities.

In addition to the aforementioned
authorities, enterprises (both Vietnamese enterprises and foreign-invested
enterprises) in export-processing zones, industrial parks, hi-tech zones shall
submit their financial statements to the management boards thereof.

SECTION 2.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES

Article 81.
Instructions for preparing and presenting the financial statement

1. General information about the
enterprise

The annual financial statement
shall specify:

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Ending date of the accounting
period;

– Date of the financial statement;

– Accounting currency;

– Currency of the financial
statement.

2. Preparation and presentation
of the financial position statement

2.1. Basis for preparation of
the financial position statement:

– The general accounting books;

– Other accounting documents;

– The previous year’s financial
position statement (opening balance).

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

2.2.1. For enterprises
satisfying the going concern assumption (Form B01a – DNN)

a) Assets

– Cash and cash equivalents
(Entry 110)

This entry reflects cash in funds,
demand deposits and cash equivalents of the enterprise at the reporting time.

Total debit balance of Account 111,
Account 112, Account 1281 (sub-account: term deposits with original terms of up
to 3 months) and Account 1288 (sub-account: cash equivalents) shall be recorded
to this entry.

While preparing the financial
statement, other amounts qualified as cash equivalent in other accounts may be
presented in this entry. Cash equivalents may include promissory notes,
treasury bills, etc.

Overdue cash equivalents that are
not collected must be transferred to appropriate entries.

In analysis of the entries, apart
from the cash equivalents in this entry, the amounts with original terms longer
than 3 months that are due within less than 03 months from the reporting date
and can be easily converted into certain amounts of money without posing risks
may be considered cash equivalents.

– Financial investments
(Entry 120)

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

Financial investments reflected in
this entry does not include those reflected by Entry 110 and collected debts
reflected by Entry 134 (Other receivables).

Entry 120 = Entry 121 + Entry 122 +
Entry 123 + Entry 124.

+ Trading securities (Entry 121)

This Entry reflects securities and
other financial instruments held for trading at the reporting time. This entry
may include financial instruments that are not securitized such as commercial
papers, forward contracts, swap contracts, etc. held for trading.

This entry shall reflect the debit
balance of Account 121.

+ Held to maturity investments
(Entry 122)

This entry reflects held to
maturity investments at the reporting time such as term deposits, bonds,
commercial papers and other debt instruments. This entry does not include held
to maturity investments reflected by Entry 110 and collected debts reflected by
Entry 134.

This entry shall reflect the debit
balance of Account 1281 and Account 1288.

+ Investment in other entities
(Entry 123)

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

This entry shall reflect the debit
balance of Account 228.

+ Provision for loss on
financial investments (Entry 124)

This entry reflects the provision
against devaluation of trading securities and provisions against impairment of
investments in other entities at the time of reporting.

This entry shall reflect the credit
balance of Account 2291 and Account 2292 in round brackets (negative numbers).

– Other receivables (Entry
130)

This entry reflects all receivables
at the reporting time such as trade receivables, advance payments to sellers,
working capital in affiliated units, other receivables, unresolved asset losses
minus allowance for bad debts.

Entry 130 = Entry 131 + Entry 132 +
Entry 133 + Entry 134 + Entry 135 + Entry 136.

+ Trade receivables (Entry 131)

This entry reflects receivables
from customers at the reporting time.

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

+ Advance payments to sellers
(Entry 132)

This account reflects advance
payments to sellers for goods/services before receiving them at the reporting
time.

This entry shall reflect the debit
balance of Account 331.

+ Working capital in affiliated
units (Entry 133)

This entry is only presented in the
financial position statement of the superior unit to reflect working capital
provided for affiliated units. When preparing a consolidated financial position
statement, this entry shall be offset against Entry 317 (Working capital
provided for affiliated units) or Entry 411 (Capital contributions by owners)
on financial position statements of affiliated units.

This entry shall reflect the debit
balance of Account 1361.

+ Other receivables (Entry 134)

This Entry reflects other
receivables at the reporting time such as intra-company receivables other than
working capital; loans and payments on behalf of third parties; interests,
distributable dividends; deposits, etc. to be collected by the enterprise.

When the superior unit prepares a
consolidated financial position statement, intra-company receivables other than
those specified in this Entry shall be offset against intra-company payables
(Entry 315) on financial position statements of the affiliated units.

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

+ Unresolved asset losses (Entry
135)

This entry reflects losses of
assets for which causes are not identified at the reporting time.

This entry shall reflect the debit
balance of Account 1381.

+ Allowance for bad debts (Entry
136)

This entry reflects allowance for
bad debts at the reporting time.

This entry shall reflect the credit
balance of Account 2293 in round brackets (negative numbers).

– Inventory (Entry 140)

This entry reflects current value
of inventory serving the enterprise’s business operation (minus provision
against devaluation of inventory) at the reporting time.

Entry 140 = Entry 141 + Entry 142.

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

This entry reflects total value of
inventory under the enterprise’s ownership at the reporting time.

This entry reflects the debit
balance of Accounts 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156 and 157.

+ Provision against devaluation
of inventory (Entry 142)

This entry reflects provision
against devaluation of inventory at the reporting time.

This entry reflects the credit
balance of Account 2294 in round brackets (negative numbers).

– Fixed assets (Entry 150)

This entry reflects total remaining
value of fixed assets at the reporting time.

Entry 150 = Entry 151 + Entry 152.

+ Cost (Entry 151)

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

This entry reflects the debit
balance of Account 211.

+ Accumulated depreciation
(Entry 152)

This entry reflects accumulated
depreciation of fixed assets at the reporting time.

This entry reflects the credit
balance of Accounts 2141, 2142, 2143 in round brackets (negative numbers).

– Investment property (Entry
160)

This entry reflects total remaining
value of investment property at the reporting time.

Entry 160 = Entry 161 + Entry 162.

+ Cost (Entry 161)

This entry reflects total costs of
investment property at the reporting time minus (-) loss on devaluation of
investment property held for capital appreciation.

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

+ Accumulated depreciation
(Entry 162)

This entry reflects accumulated
depreciation of investment property for lease at the reporting time.

This entry reflects the credit
balance of Account 2147 in round brackets (negative numbers).

– Construction in progress
(Entry 170)

This entry reflects total value of
fixed assets being purchased, investment in capital construction, costs of
major repairs of fixed assets that are unfinished or finished but not
transferred or put into operation at the reporting time.

This entry reflects the debit
balance of Account 241.

– Other assets (Entry 180)

This entry reflects total value of
other assets at the reporting time such as deductible VAT and other assets at
the reporting time.

Entry 180 = Entry 181 + Entry 182.

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

This entry reflects deductible VAT
and refundable VAT at the reporting time.

This entry reflects the debit
balance of Account 133.

+ Other assets (Entry 182)

This entry reflects total value of
other assets at the reporting time such as prepaid expenses, taxes and other
excess payments to the State.

This entry reflects the debit
balance of Accounts 242 and 333.

– Total assets (Entry 200)

This entry reflects the total value
of the enterprise’s assets at the reporting time.

Entry 200 = Entry 110 + Entry 120 +
Entry 130 + Entry 140 + Entry 150 + Entry 160 + Entry 170 + Entry 180.

b) Liabilities (Entry 300)

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

Entry 300 = Entry 311 + Entry 312 +
Entry 313 + Entry 314 + Entry 315 + Entry 316 + Entry 317 + Entry 318 + Entry
319 + Entry 320

+ Trade payables (Entry 311)

This entry reflects the amounts payable
to sellers at the reporting time. This entry reflects the total credit balance
of Account 331.

+ Advance payments by buyers
(Entry 312)

This entry reflects advance
payments by buyers for goods/services, fixed assets, investment property to be
provided by the enterprise at the reporting time (excluding prepaid revenues).

This entry reflects the total
credit balance of Account 131.

+ Taxes and other payables to
the State (Entry 313)

This entry reflects total amounts
payable by the enterprise to the State at the reporting time, including taxes,
fees, charges and other amounts payable.

This entry reflects the total
credit balance of Account 333.

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

This entry reflects the amounts
payable by the enterprise to its employees at the reporting time. This entry
reflects the credit balance of Account 334.

+ Other payables (Entry 315)

This entry reflects other payables
at the reporting time such as costs payable, intra-company payables other than
working capital; assets in surplus without identified causes, amounts payable
to social insurance authorities, trade union fees, received deposits,
unrealized revenues, etc.

When the superior unit prepares a
consolidated financial position statement, intra-company payables other than
those specified in this Entry shall be offset against intra-company receivables
(Entry 134) on financial position statements of the affiliated units.

This entry reflects the credit
balance of Accounts 335, 3368, 338 and 1388.

+ Borrowings and finance lease
liabilities (Entry 316).

This entry reflects total value of
the enterprise’s loans taken from banks, other organizations, financial
companies and other entities, including loans taken by issuance of bonds or
preferred shares classified as liabilities at the reporting time.

This entry reflects the detailed
credit balance of Accounts 341 and 4111 (preferred shares classified as
liabilities).

+ Working capital provided for
affiliated units (Entry 317)

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

This Entry is only presented on
financial position statements of affiliated units and reflects the amounts
payable by affiliated units to the superior unit in terms of working capital

This entry reflects the detailed
credit balance of Account 3361. When the superior unit prepares a consolidated
financial position statement, this entry shall be offset against Entry 133 on
financial position statements of the superior unit.

+ Provision for payables (Entry
318)

This entry reflects the provisions
for future payables at the reporting time i.e. provisions for warranty, accrued
expenses for periodic repair of fixed assets, etc. Provisions for payables are
usually estimated without certain payment time, values and the enterprise has
not received goods/services from suppliers.

This entry reflects the credit
balance of Account 352.

+ Welfare fund (Entry 319)

This entry reflects the remaining
welfare fund at the reporting time;

This entry reflects the credit
balance of Account 353.

+ Scientific and technological
development fund (Entry 320)

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

This entry reflects the credit
balance of Account 356.

c) Equity (Entry 400)

This entry reflects capital owned
by shareholders and capital contributors such as capital contributed by owners,
share premium, other capital of owners, undistributed after-tax profits,
treasury shares, exchange differences.

Entry 400 = Entry 411 + Entry 412 +
Entry 413 + Entry 414 + Entry 415 + Entry 416 + Entry 417

– Capital contributions by
owners (Entry 411)

This entry reflects total capital
contributed by owners to the enterprise in reality (contributed capital
according to face value of shares if the enterprise is a joint-stock company)
at the reporting time.

An affiliated unit may use this
entry to reflect provided capital if the enterprise demands that working
capital provided be recorded to Account 411.

This entry reflects the credit
balance of Account 4111.

– Share premium (Entry 412)

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

This entry reflects the credit
balance of Account 4112. If Account 4112 has a debit balance, negative numbers
shall be put in round brackets.

– Other equity (Entry 413)

This entry reflects the value of
other equity at the reporting time.

This entry reflects the credit
balance of Account 4118.

– Treasury shares (Entry 414)

This entry reflects the value of
the joint-stock company’s treasury shares available at the reporting time.

This entry reflects the debit
balance of Account 419 where negative numbers are put in round brackets
(negative numbers).

– Exchange differences (Entry
415)

In the cases where a foreign
currency is used as accounting currency, this entry reflects the exchange
differences due to conversion of the financial statement currency into VND.

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

This entry reflects the unused
equity funds at the reporting time. This entry reflects the credit balance of
Account 418.

– Undistributed after-tax
profits (Entry 417)

This entry reflects the
undistributed after-tax profit or loss at the reporting time. This entry
reflects the credit balance of Account 421. If Account 421 has a debit balance,
negative numbers shall be put in round brackets.

– Total capital (Entry 500)

This entry reflects the total
capital that creates the enterprise’s assets at the reporting time. Entry 500 =
Entry 300 + Entry 400.

Total
assets (Entry 200)

Total
capital (Entry 500)

2.2.2. For enterprises
satisfying the going concern assumption (Form B01a – DNN)

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

This entry reflects total value of cash
and cash equivalents, short-term financial investments, short-term receivables,
inventory and other short-term assets that can be sold or used within an
ordinary course of business at the reporting time.

Entry 100 = Entry 110 + Entry 120 +
Entry 130 + Entry 140 + Entry 150.

– Cash and cash equivalents
(Entry 110)

This entry reflects cash in funds,
demand deposits and cash equivalents of the enterprise at the reporting time.

Total balance of Account 111,
Account 112, Account 1281 (sub-account: term deposits of up to 3 months) and
Account 1288 (sub-account: cash equivalents) shall be recorded to this entry.

Overdue cash equivalents that are
not collected must be transferred to appropriate entries.

– Short-term financial
investments (Entry 120)

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

Short-term financial investments
reflected in this entry do not include those reflected by Entry 110 and Entry
133.

Entry 120 = Entry 121 + Entry 122 +
Entry 123.

+ Trading securities (Entry 121)

This entry reflects securities and other
financial instruments held for trading at the reporting time. This entry may
include financial instruments that are not securitized such as commercial
papers, forward contracts, swap contracts, etc. held for trading.

This entry reflects the debit balance
of Account 121.

+ Provision against devaluation
of trading securities (Entry 122).

This entry reflects provision
against devaluation of trading securities at the reporting time.

This entry reflects the credit
balance of Account 2291 in round brackets (negative numbers).

+ Held to maturity short-term
investments (Entry 123)

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

This entry reflects the detailed
debit balance of Account 1281 and Account 1288.

– Short-term receivables
(Entry 130)

This entry reflects total value of
short-term receivables that are due within 12 months or an ordinary course of
business at the reporting time such as short-term trade receivables, short-term
advance payments to sellers, other short-term receivables, unresolved asset
losses minus provision for bad debts.

Entry 130 = Entry 131 + Entry 132 +
Entry 133 + Entry 134 + Entry 135.

+ Short-term trade receivables
(Entry 131)

This entry reflects the total
amount receivable from customers that are due within 12 months or an ordinary
course of business at the reporting time. This entry reflects the debit balance
of Account 131.

+ Short-term advance payments to
sellers (Entry 132)

This account reflects advance
payments to sellers for goods/services which will be received by the enterprise
within 12 months or an ordinary course of business at the reporting time.

This entry shall reflect the debit
balance of Account 331.

…

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để sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.

Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

This entry reflects other
receivables that are due within 12 months or an ordinary course of business at
the reporting time such as: short-term loans, short-term intra-company
receivables other than working capital reflected in Entry 213; payments on
behalf of third parties; interests, distributable dividends; deposits, etc. to
be collected by the enterprise.

When the superior unit prepares a
consolidated financial position statement, other short-term intra-company
receivables other than those specified in this Entry shall be offset against
other short-term intra-company payables (Entry 415) on financial position
statements of the affiliated units.

This entry reflects the detailed
debit balance of Accounts 1288, 1368, 1386, 1388, 334, 338 and 141.

+ Unresolved asset losses (Entry
134)

This entry reflects losses of
assets for which causes are not identified at the reporting time. This entry
shall reflect the debit balance of Account 1381.

+ Provision for short-term
doubtful debts (Entry 135)

This entry reflects provision for
short-term doubtful debts at the reporting time. This entry reflects the
detailed credit balance of Accounts 2293 in round brackets (negative numbers).

– Inventory (Account 140)

This entry reflects current value
of inventory serving the enterprise’s business operation (minus provision
against devaluation of inventory) at the reporting time.

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

+ Inventory (Entry 141)

This entry reflects the total value
of inventory owned by the enterprise that is circulated within 12 months or an ordinary
course of business at the reporting time.

This entry reflects the debit
balance of Accounts 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156 and 157.

+ Provision against devaluation
of inventory (Entry 142)

This entry reflects provision
against devaluation of inventory at the reporting time.

This entry reflects the credit
balance of Account 2294 in round brackets (negative numbers).

– Other short-term assets
(Entry 150)

This entry reflects total value of
other short-term assets to be collected or used after 12 months or an ordinary
course of business at the reporting time such as deductible VAT and other
short-term assets.

Entry 150 = Entry 151 + Entry 152.

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

This entry reflects deductible VAT
and refundable VAT at the end of the reporting year.

This entry shall reflect the debit
balance of Account 133.

+ Other short-term assets (Entry
152)

This entry reflects other
short-term assets to be collected or used within 12 months or an ordinary
course of business at the reporting time, including short-term prepaid
expenses, taxes and other amounts receivable from the State.

This entry reflects the detailed
debit balance of Accounts 242 and 333.

b) Long-term assets (Entry
200)

This entry reflects values of
assets not classified as short-term assets. Long-term assets are assets to be
collected or used after 12 months from the accounting period such as long-term
receivables, fixed assets, investment property, construction in progress,
long-term financial investments and other long-term assets.

Entry 200 = Entry 210 + Entry 220 +
Entry 230 + Entry 240 + Entry 250 + Entry 260.

– Long-term receivables (Entry
210)

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

Entry 210 = Entry 211 + Entry 212 +
Entry 213 + Entry 214 + Entry 215.

+ Long-term trade receivables
(Entry 211)

This entry reflects the total
amount receivable from customers that are due after 12 months or an ordinary
course of business at the reporting time.

This entry reflects the debit
balance of Account 131.

+ Long-term advance payments to
sellers (Entry 212)

This account reflects advance
payments to sellers for goods/services which will be received by the enterprise
after 12 months or an ordinary course of business at the reporting time.

This entry shall reflect the debit
balance of Account 331.

+ Working capital in affiliated
units (Entry 213)

This entry is only presented in the
financial position statement of the superior unit to reflect operating capital
provided for affiliated units.

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

This entry shall reflect the debit
balance of Account 1361.

+ Other long-term receivables
(Entry 214)

This entry reflects other
receivables that are due after 12 months or an ordinary course of business at
the reporting time such as: long-term loans, long-term intra-company
receivables other than working capital reflected in Entry 213; payments on
behalf of third parties; interests, distributable dividends; deposits, etc. to
be collected by the enterprise.

When the superior unit prepares a
consolidated financial position statement, other long-term intra-company
receivables other than those specified in this entry shall be offset against
other long-term intra-company payables (Entry 424) on financial position
statements of the affiliated units.

This entry reflects the detailed
debit balance of Accounts 1288, 1368, 1386, 1388, 334, 338 and 141.

+ Provision for long-term
doubtful debts (Entry 215)

This entry reflects provision for
long-term doubtful debts at the reporting time.

This entry reflects the detailed
credit balance of Accounts 2293 in round brackets (negative numbers).

– Fixed assets (Entry 220)

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

Entry 220 = Entry 221 + Entry 222.

+ Cost (Entry 221)

This entry reflects total costs of
fixed assets at the reporting time.

This entry reflects the debit
balance of Account 211.

+ Accumulated depreciation
(Entry 222)

This entry reflects accumulated
depreciation of fixed assets at the reporting time.

This entry reflects the credit balance
of Accounts 2141, 2142, 2143 in round brackets (negative numbers).

– Investment property (Entry
230)

This entry reflects total remaining
value of investment property at the reporting time.

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

+ Cost (Entry 231)

This entry reflects total costs of
investment property at the reporting time minus (-) loss on devaluation of
investment property held for capital appreciation.

This entry reflects the debit
balance of Account 217.

+ Accumulated depreciation
(Entry 232)

This entry reflects accumulated
depreciation of investment property for lease at the reporting time.

This entry reflects the credit
balance of Account 2147 in round brackets (negative numbers).

– Construction in progress
(Entry 240)

This entry reflects the debit
balance of Account 241.

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

This entry reflects total value of
long-term financial investments (minus provision for impairment of investments
in other entities) at the reporting time, such as: Investments in other
entities, held to maturity long-term investments that are due after 12 months
or an ordinary course of business.

Entry 250 = Entry 251 + Entry 252 +
Entry 253.

+ Investment in other entities
(Entry 251)

This entry reflects investments in
jointly controlled entities and associate companies and other investments.

This entry reflects the detailed
debit balance of Account 228.

+ Provision against impairment
of investments in other entities (Entry 252)

This entry reflects the provision
against impairment of investments in other entities at the time of reporting
because the investee makes a loss and the investor is likely to lose capital.

This entry reflects the credit
balance of Account 2292 in round brackets (negative numbers).

+ Held to maturity long-term
investments (Entry 253)

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

This entry shall reflect the debit
balance of Account 1281 and Account 1288.

– Other long-term assets
(Entry 260)

This entry reflects the values of
other long-term assets to be collected after 12 months or an ordinary course of
business from the reporting time such as long-term prepaid expenses, long-term
receivables from the State (if any) not reflected by the entries above.

Enterprises are not required to
reclassify long-term prepaid expenses as short-term prepaid expenses.

This entry reflects the detailed
debit balance of Accounts 242 and 333.

– Total assets (Entry 300)

This entry reflects total value of
the enterprise’s assets at the reporting time, including short-term assets and
long-term assets.

Entry 300 = Entry 100 + Entry 200.

c) Liabilities (Entry 400)

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

Entry 400 = Entry 410 + Entry 420.

– Short-term liabilities
(Entry 410)

This entry reflects total value of
liabilities that are due within 12 months or an ordinary course of business
from the reporting time such as short-term borrowings and finance lease
liabilities; short-term trade payables, short-term advance payments by buyers,
taxes and payables to the State, payables to employees, other short-term
payables, provision for short-term payables, etc.

Entry 410 = Entry 411 + Entry 412 +
Entry 413 + Entry 414 + Entry 415 + Entry 416 + Entry 417 + Entry 418.

+ Short-term trade payables
(Entry 411)

This entry reflects the total
amount payable to sellers that are due within 12 months or an ordinary course
of business from the reporting time.

This entry reflects the total
credit balance of Account 331.

+ Short-term advance payments by
buyers (Entry 412)

This entry reflects advance
payments by buyers for goods/services, fixed assets, investment property to be
provided by the enterprise within 12 months or an ordinary course of business
from the reporting time (excluding prepaid revenues).

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

+ Taxes and other payables to
the State (Entry 413)

This entry reflects total amounts
payable by the enterprise to the State at the reporting time, including taxes,
fees, charges and other amounts payable. This entry reflects the total credit
balance of Account 333.

+ Payables to employees (Entry
414)

This entry reflects the amounts
payable by the enterprise to its employees at the reporting time.

This entry reflects the credit
balance of Account 334.

+ Other short-term payables
(Entry 415)

This entry reflects other payables
that are due within 12 months or an ordinary course of business from the
reporting time such as short-term payables, short-term intra-company payables
other than working capital provided for affiliated units reflected in Entry
423; short-term unrealized revenues, assets in surplus without identified
causes, amounts payable to social insurance authorities, trade union fees,
received short-term deposits, etc.

When the superior unit prepares a
consolidated financial position statement, short-term intra-company payables in
this entry shall be offset against other short-term intra-company receivables
(Entry 133) on financial position statements of the affiliated units.

This entry reflects the credit
balance of Accounts 335, 3368, 338 and 1388.

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

This entry reflects total value of
the enterprise’s loans taken from banks, other organizations, financial
companies and other entities, including loans taken by issuance of bonds, that
are due within 12 months or an ordinary course of business from the reporting
time.

This entry reflects the credit
balance of Account 341.

+ Provision for short-term
payables (Entry 417)

This entry reflects the provisions
for payables that are due within 12 months or an ordinary course of business
from the reporting time i.e. provisions for warranty, accrued expenses for
periodic repair of fixed assets, etc. Provisions for payables are usually
estimated without certain payment time, values and the enterprise has not
received goods/services from suppliers.

This entry reflects the credit
balance of Account 352.

+ Welfare fund (Entry 418)

This entry reflects the remaining
welfare fund at the reporting time;

This entry reflects the credit
balance of Account 353.

– Long-term liabilities
(Entry 420)

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

Entry 420 = Entry 421 + Entry 422 +
Entry 423 + Entry 424 + Entry 425 + Entry 426 + Entry 427.

+ Long-term trade payables
(Entry 421)

This entry reflects the total
amount payable to sellers that are due after 12 months or an ordinary course of
business from the reporting time.

This entry reflects the total
credit balance of Account 331.

+ Long-term advance payments by
buyers (Entry 422)

This entry reflects advance
payments by buyers for goods/services, fixed assets, investment property to be
provided by the enterprise after 12 months or an ordinary course of business
from the reporting time (excluding prepaid revenues).

This entry reflects the detailed
credit balance of Account 131.

+ Working capital provided for affiliated
units (Entry 423)

Depending on the enterprise’s
management model, it shall request its affiliated units to record capital it
provides to this entry or Entry 511 (Capital contributed by owners).

…

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để sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.

Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

When the superior unit prepares a
consolidated financial position statement, this entry shall be offset against
Entry 213 in the financial position statement of the superior unit.

This entry reflects the detailed
credit balance of Account 3361.

+ Other long-term payables
(Entry 424)

This entry reflects other payables
that are due after 12 months or an ordinary course of business from the
reporting time such as costs payable, intra-company payables other than working
capital provided for affiliated units, long-term unrealized revenues, long-term
deposits received, etc.

When the superior unit prepares a
consolidated financial position statement, other long-term intra-company
receivables other than those specified in this entry shall be offset against
other long-term intra-company payables (Entry 214) on financial position
statements of the affiliated units.

This entry reflects the credit
balance of Accounts 335, 3368, 338 and 1388.

+ Long-term borrowings and
finance lease liabilities (Entry 425).

This entry reflects the
enterprise’s loans taken from banks, other organizations, financial companies
and other entities, value of preference shares at face value that the issuer
has to repurchase at certain time in the future that are due after 12 months or
an ordinary course of business from the reporting time such as loans taken from
banks or financial institutions, payables related to finance lease fixed
assets, etc.

This entry reflects the detailed
credit balance of Accounts 341 and 4111 (sub-account: preferred shares
classified as liabilities).

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

This entry reflects the provisions
for payables that are due after 12 months or an ordinary course of business
from the reporting time i.e. provisions for warranty, provision for
restructuring, accrued expenses for periodic repair of fixed assets, etc.
Provisions for payables are usually estimated without certain payment time,
values and the enterprise has not received goods/services from suppliers.

This entry reflects the credit
balance of Account 352.

+ Scientific and technological
development fund (Entry 427)

This entry reflects the remaining
scientific and technological development fund at the reporting time.

This entry reflects the credit
balance of Account 356.

d) Equity (Entry 500)

This entry reflects capital owned
by shareholders and capital contributors such as capital contributed by owners,
share premium, other equity, undistributed post-tax profits, treasury shares,
exchange differences.

Entry 500 = Entry 511 + Entry 512 +
Entry 513 + Entry 514 + Entry 515 + Entry 516 + Entry 517

– Capital contributions by
owners (Entry 511)

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

An affiliated unit may use this
entry to reflect provided capital if the enterprise demands that working
capital provided be recorded to Account 411.

This entry reflects the credit
balance of Account 4111.

– Share premium (Entry 512)

This entry reflects the joint-stock
company’s share premium at the reporting time.

This entry reflects the credit
balance of Account 4112. If Account 4112 has a debit balance, negative numbers
shall be put in round brackets.

– Other equity (Entry 513)

This entry reflects the value of
other equity at the reporting time.

This entry reflects the credit
balance of Account 4118.

– Treasury shares (Entry 514)

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

This entry reflects the debit
balance of Account 419 in round brackets (negative numbers).

– Exchange differences (Entry
515)

In the cases where a foreign
currency is used as accounting currency, this entry reflects the exchange
differences due to conversion of the financial statement currency into VND.

– Equity funds (Entry 516)

This entry reflects the unused
equity funds at the reporting time.

This entry reflects the credit
balance of Account 418.

– Undistributed post-tax profits
(517)

This entry reflects the
undistributed after-tax profit or loss at the reporting time.

This entry reflects the credit
balance of Account 421. If Account 421 has a debit balance, negative numbers
shall be put in round brackets.

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0906 22 99 66

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This entry reflects the total
capital that creates the enterprise’s assets at the reporting time.

Entry 600 = Entry 400 + Entry 500.

Total
assets (Entry 300)

Total
capital (Entry 600)

2.2.3. For enterprises not
satisfying the going concern assumption (Form B01 – DNNKLT)

The financial position statement of
an enterprise that does not satisfy the going concern assumption is similar to
that of an enterprise that satisfies the going concern assumption except the
following entries:

– Financial investments
(Entry 120)

This entry reflects total financial
investments at the reporting time, including: trading securities, held to
maturity investments and investments in other entities.

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Entry 120 = Entry 121 + Entry 122 +
Entry 123.

– Receivables (Entry 130)

This entry reflects all receivables
at the reporting time such as trade receivables, advance payments to sellers,
capital in affiliates, other receivables, unresolved asset losses.

Entry 130 = Entry 131 + Entry 132 +
Entry 133 + Entry 134 + Entry 135.

– Inventory (Account 140)

This entry reflects total value of
inventory under the enterprise’s ownership at the reporting time.

This entry reflects the debit
balance of Accounts 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156 and 157.

– Fixed assets and investment
property (Entry 150)

This entry reflects total remaining
value (costs minus accumulated depreciation) of fixed assets and investment
property at the reporting time.

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2.3. Guidance on preparation of
the income statement (Form B02 – DNN)

2.3.1. Contents

a) An income statement reflects the
enterprise’s business status and performance, including outcomes of the
enterprise’s primary business operations, financing activities and other
operations.

b) An income statement consists of
5 columns:

– Column 1: Indicators;

– Column 2: Codes;

– Column 3: Corresponding codes on
notes to financial statement;

– Column 4: Amounts occurring in
the accounting period;

– Column 5: Previous year’s data
(for comparison).

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– The previous year income
statement.

– The general accounting books and
specific accounting books for accounts from 5 to 9.

2.3.3. Contents of the income
statement:

– Revenues from goods sale
and service provision (Entry 01)

This entry reflects total revenue
from selling goods, finished products, investment property, providing services
and other revenues earned in the reporting year. This entry reflects the
accumulated value on the credit side of Account 511.

When the superior unit prepares a
consolidated income statement, revenues from goods sale and service provision
derived from intra-company transactions must be excluded.

This entry does not include
indirect taxes such as VAT (including VAT paid directly), special excise tax,
export duty, environmental protection tax and other indirect taxes.

– Revenue deductions (Entry
02)

This entry reflects deductions from
the total revenue from goods sale and service provision in the year, including:
discounts, goods returned in the accounting period. This entry reflects Dr 511
and Cr 111, Cr 112 and Cr 131 in the accounting period.

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(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

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– Net revenues from goods
sale and service provision (Entry 10)

This entry reflects revenues from
the sale of goods, finished products, investment property, service provision
and other revenues minus (-) deductions (discounts, goods returned) in the accounting
period, which is the basis for determination of the enterprise’s performance.

Entry 10 = Entry 01 – Entry 02.

– Costs of goods sold (Entry
11)

This entry reflects total cost of
goods, investment property, finished products sold and services rendered, and
other expenses included in cost or recorded as decreases in cost of goods sold
in the accounting period.

This entry reflects the amounts
recorded to the credit side of Account 632 and debit side of Account 911.

When the superior unit prepares a consolidated
income statement, cost of goods sold derived from intra-company transactions
must be excluded.

– Gross profit on goods sale
and service provision (Entry 20)

This entry reflects the difference
between foreign currency revenue from selling goods, finished products,
investment property, providing services and cost of goods sold in the
accounting period. Negative numbers shall be put in round brackets.

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(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

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– Financial income (Entry 21)

This entry reflects financial
income earned in the accounting period.

This entry reflects the amounts
recorded to the debit side of Account 515 and credit side of Account 911.

When the superior unit prepares a
consolidated income statement, financial incomes derived from intra-company
transactions must be excluded.

– Financial expenses (Entry
22)

This entry reflects total financial
expenses, including loan interests payable, expenses related to copyright
license, jointly controlled entity expenses, etc. incurred in the accounting
period.

This entry reflects the amounts
recorded to the credit side of Account 635 and debit side of Account 911.

When the superior unit prepares a
consolidated income statement, financial expenses derived from intra-company
transactions must be excluded.

– Interest expense (Entry 23)

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(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

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This entry is recorded on the basis
of interest expense in Account 635.

– Administrative expense
(Entry 24)

This entry reflects the total administration
expenses incurred in the period.

This entry reflects the amounts
recorded to the credit side of Account 642 and debit side of Account 911 in the
accounting period.

– Net profit on business
operation (Entry 30)

This entry reflects the enterprise’s
business performance in the accounting period. This entry equals (=) profit
from goods sale and service provision plus financial income minus (-) financial
expense and administrative expense incurred in the accounting period.
Negative numbers shall be put in round brackets.

Entry 30 = Entry 20 + Entry 21 –
Entry 22 – Entry 24.

– Other incomes (Entry 31)

This entry reflects other incomes
earned in the accounting period. This entry is recorded according to the debit
side of Account 711 (excluding other incomes from liquidation or sale of fixed
assets) and the credit side of Account 911.

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(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

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When the superior unit prepares a
consolidated income statement, other incomes derived from intra-company
transactions must be excluded.

– Other expenses (Entry 32)

This entry reflects other expenses
incurred in the accounting period. This entry is recorded according to the
credit side of Account 811 “Other expenses” (excluding other expenses of
liquidation or sale of fixed assets) and the debit side of Account 911.

Regarding liquidation and sale of
fixed assets, the negative difference between the proceeds from the liquidation
or sale and remaining value of the fixed assets shall be recorded to this
entry.

When the superior unit prepares a
consolidated income statement, other expenses derived from intra-company
transactions must be removed.

– Other profits (Entry 40)

This entry reflects the difference
between other incomes earned (excluding VAT paid directly) and other expenses
incurred in the accounting period. Negative numbers shall be put in round
brackets.

Entry 40 = Entry 31 – Entry 32.

– Total pre-tax accounting
profits (Entry 50)

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0906 22 99 66

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Entry 50 = Entry 30 + Entry 40.

– Corporate income tax (Entry
51)

This entry reflects corporate
income tax incurred in the year. This entry is recorded according to the credit
side of Account 821 and debit side of Account 911, or debit side of Account 821
and credit side of Account 911, in which case negative numbers shall be put in
round brackets.

– Post-tax profit (Entry 60)

This entry reflects total net
profit (or loss) of the year after corporate income tax is paid. Negative
numbers shall be put in round brackets.

Entry 60 = Entry 50 – Entry 51.

2.4. Guidance on preparation of
cash flow statement (Form B03 – DNN)

2.4.1. Rules for preparing and
presenting a cash flow statement

2.4.1.1. The cash flow statement is
optional. Instructions on preparing the cash flow statement are based on most
common transactions. Enterprises shall present their cash flows in a manner
that is most suitable for transactions that are not mentioned in the
instructions.

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0906 22 99 66

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2.4.1.3. Enterprises shall classify
cash flows on the cash flow statement according to: operating activities,
investing activities, and financing activities:

– Cash flows from operating
activities are those derived from the enterprise’s primary business operations
and activities other than investing activities or financing activities;

– Cash flows from investing
activities are those derived from purchase, development, liquidation, sale of
fixed assets, investment property, other long-term assets, grant of loans,
investment in other entities and other investments not classified as cash
equivalents.

– Cash flows from financing
activities are those derived from operations that lead to changes to the
enterprise’s scale and ratios of the enterprise’s equity and loan capital.

2.4.1.4. Enterprises may classify
cash flows from operating activities, investing activities, and financing
activities in a manner that is most suitable for its operation.

2.4.1.5. Cash flows from operating
activities, investing activities, and financing activities shall be recorded
according to:

– Collection and payment of money
on behalf of customers; payment on behalf of asset owners;

– Collection and payment of
short-term amounts such as: foreign currency trading, stake trading, other
short-term loans that are due within 3 months.

2.4.1.6. Cash flows from
transactions in foreign currencies shall be converted into the accounting
currency and included in the financial statement at the actual exchange rates
applied on the transaction dates.

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– Purchase of assets by undertaking
debts, whether directly or via finance lease;

– Conversion of debts into equity.

2.4.1.8. Opening and closing cash
and cash equivalents, impacts of fluctuation of exchange rates on cash and cash
equivalents in foreign currencies shall be separately presented on the cash
flow statement for comparison with the financial position statement.

2.4.1.9. The enterprise shall
present and provide explanation for the cash and cash equivalents with high
closing balance that are held by the enterprise but cannot be used because of
legal restrictions or other restrictions with which the enterprise must comply.

2.4.1.10. In the cases where the
enterprise takes a loan to directly pay the contractor or supplier (the loan is
directly transferred by the lender the contractor or supplier without being
transferred to the enterprise’s account), the enterprise must include it on the
cash flow statement. To be specific:

– The loan shall be presented as an
inflow from financing activities;

– The amount paid to the contractor
or supplier shall be presented as an outflow from operating activities or
investing activities as the case may be.

2.4.1.11. In the cases where the
enterprise carry out offsetting:

– If transactions of the same cash
flows are offset against each other, they shall be presented as net amounts.

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2.4.2. Basis for preparation of
cash flow statement

A cash flow statement shall be
prepared according to:

– The financial position statement;

– The income statement;

– The notes to financial statement;

– The previous period’s cash flow
statement;

– Other accounting documents such
as general accounting books, specific accounting books, fixed asset
depreciation sheet, etc.

2.4.3. Accounting books serving
preparation of cash flow statement

– Accounting books specifying
accounts payable, accounts receivable and inventory must be able to classify
the cash flows into operating activities, investing activities and financing
activities. Example: Debt payment to a contractor related to capital
construction is classified as a cash flow from investing activities; Payment of
debt to a supplier of goods/services serving the enterprise’s business
operation is classified as a cash flow from operating activities.

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0906 22 99 66

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– At the end of the fiscal year when
the cash flow statement is prepared, short-term investments that are due within
3 months from the purchase date and qualified as cash equivalents shall be
identified and excluded from cash flows from investing activities. Values of
cash equivalents shall be recorded to “Closing cash and cash equivalents” on
the cash flow statement.

2.4.4. Method for preparing the
cash flow statement

2.4.4.1. Statement of cash
flows from operating activities

Cash flows from operating
activities are inflows and outflows from business operations in the period,
including those related to held for trading securities.

Cash flows from operating
activities shall be recorded directly or indirectly.

2.4.4.1.1. Direct statement
of cash flows from operating activities (Form B03 – DNN)

a) Statement rules:

With the direct method, cash
inflows and outflows from operating activities shall be identified and
presented in the cash flow statement by analyzing and consolidating revenues
and expenditures from the enterprise’s accounting books.

b) Specific rules:

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0906 22 99 66

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This entry is recorded according to
the total revenue collected (total amounts payable) in the period from sale of
goods, service provision, copyright license, commissions and other revenues
(such as sale of trading securities), including collected debts related to
goods sale, service provision and other revenues earned in previous periods and
collected in this period plus (+) advance payments from buyers.

This entry does not include
revenues from liquidation, sale of fixed assets, investment property and other
long-term assets, recovered loans and investments in other entities, collected
loan interests, dividends, distributed profits and other revenues classified as
cash flows from investing activities; revenues from taking loans, issuance of
shares, receipt of capital contributions from owners shall be classified as
cash flows from financing activities.

This entry is recorded according to
Accounts 111 and 112, accounts receivable in accounting books after comparison
with Accounts 511 and 131 or Accounts 515 and 121 (revenues from selling
trading securities).

– Payments to suppliers
(Entry 02)

This entry is recorded according to
the total amount paid in the period for goods, services, payments of operating
expenses, including payment for trading securities, debt payments or advance
payments to sellers.

This entry does not include
expenditures on purchase of fixed assets, investment property (including
materials for capital construction), loans granted, investments to other
entities and other expenditures classified as cash flows from investing
activities; repayment of borrowings and finance lease liabilities, return of
capital to owners, dividends and profits given to owners, and other
expenditures classified as cash flows from financing activities.

This entry is recorded according to
Accounts 111 and 112, accounting books, accounts receivable and loans accounts
(loans or collected debts used for paying debts) after comparison with Account
311 and inventory accounts. This entry consists of negative numbers in round
brackets.

– Payments to employees
(Entry 03)

This entry is recorded according to
the total payments to employees in the accounting period, including salaries,
allowances, bonuses, etc. that are paid or advanced by the enterprise.

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0906 22 99 66

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– Paid loan interests (Entry
04)

This entry reflects the total loan
interests paid in the accounting period, including interests generated and paid
within the current period, interests accrued in the previous periods and paid
in the current period.

This entry does not include paid
interests that are capitalized as work in progress and classified as cash flows
from investing activities. If the loan interests paid in the period are both
capitalized and aggregated with financial expense, accountants shall determine
the paid interests of the cash flows from operating activities and investing
activities according to the capitalization ratio of the accounting period.

This entry is recorded according to
Accounts 111 and 112 (interest payment), accounts receivable (interest payments
from receivables) after comparison with Accounts 335, 635, 242 and relevant
accounts. This entry consists of negative numbers in round brackets.

– Paid corporate income tax
(Entry 05)

This entry reflects the total
corporate income tax paid to the State in the accounting period, including
corporate income tax incurred and paid this period, corporate income tax
incurred in previous periods and paid in this period, and prepaid corporate
income tax (if any).

This entry is recorded according to
Accounts 111 and 112 (corporate income tax) after comparison with Account 3334
in the accounting period.

– Other revenues from
operating activities (Entry 06)

This entry reflects revenues from operating
activities other than those reflected in Entry 01, such as: other incomes
(damages, fines, bonuses and other payments, etc.); refunded tax; received
deposits; redeemed deposits; rewards and assistance by external entities, etc.

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0906 22 99 66

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– Other expenditures on
operating activities (Entry 07)

This entry reflects expenditures on
business operation other than those reflected by Entries 02, 03, 04, 05, such
as: damages, fines, taxes (excluding corporate income tax); fees and charges,
land levies, social insurance, health insurance, unemployment insurance
premiums, trade union fees, paid deposits, returned deposits, expenditures from
provisions; expenditures from welfare fund, development of science and
technology fund and other funds, etc.

This account is recorded according
to Accounts 111 and 112 after comparison with Accounts 811, 138, 333, 338, 352,
353, 356 and relevant accounts. This entry consists of negative numbers in
round brackets.

– Net cash flows from
operating activities (Entry 20)

This Entry reflects the difference
between revenues and expenditures from operating activities in the accounting
period. This entry is the total of Entries from 01 to 07. If the result is a
negative number, it will be put in round brackets.

Entry 20 = Entry 01 + Entry 02 +
Entry 03 + Entry 04 + Entry 05 + Entry 06 + Entry 07.

2.4.4.1.2. Indirect statement
of cash flows from operating activities (Form B03 – DNN)

a. Statement rules:

With the indirect rules, the cash
inflows and outflows are determined by ensuring that profit before corporate
income tax is paid is not affect by non-cash items, changes in the period to
inventory, receivables, payables and other amounts affected by cash flows from
investing activities, including:

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0906 22 99 66

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– Non-cash profits and losses such
as profits and losses on exchange differences, contribution of non-monetary
assets as capital;

– Profits and losses classified as
cash flows from investing activities such as profits and losses on liquidation,
sale of fixed assets and investment property, loan interests, deposit interests,
dividends and distributed profits, etc.;

– Interest expense recorded in the
income statement of the current period.

– Cash flows from operating
activities are adjusted according to changes to working capital, prepaid
expenses, other revenues and expenditures such as:

+ Changes in the accounting period
to inventory, receivables, payables from operating activities (except loan
interests payable and corporate income tax payable);

+ Changes to prepaid expenses;

+ Changes to trading securities;

+ Loan interests paid;

+ Corporate income tax paid;

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

+ Other expenditures from operating
activities.

b) Specific rules:

– Pre-tax profits (Entry 01)

This entry derives from Entry 50
(Total pre-tax accounting profit) on the income statement of the same
accounting period. Negative numbers shall be put in round brackets.

– Adjustments (Entry 02)

Entry 02 = Entry 03 + Entry 04 +
Entry 05 + Entry 06 + Entry 07 + Entry 08.

+ Depreciation of fixed assets
and investment property (Entry 03)

(+) If the enterprise is able to
separate depreciation of inventory and depreciation included in the income
statement, this entry only comprises the depreciation included in income
statement; “Increases and decreases in inventory” entry does not include
depreciation of closing inventory (not sold in the period);

(+) If the enterprise is not able
to separate depreciation of inventory and depreciation included in the income
statement, this entry comprises the depreciation included in income statement
plus (+) depreciation of inventory; “Increases and decreases in inventory”
entry includes depreciation of closing inventory (not sold in the period).

…

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để sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.

Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

+ Provisions (Entry 04)

This entry reflects the impact of
provisions on cash flows of the accounting period. This entry is recorded
according to the difference between the opening balance and closing balance of
provisions against impairment of assets (provision against devaluation of
trading securities; provisions against impairment of investments in other
entities, provisions against devaluation of inventory, allowance for bad debts)
and provisions for payables on the financial statement.

This entry may be aggregated with
“Pretax profit” if the closing balance of provisions is greater than the
opening balance, or may be deducted from “Pretax profit” if the closing balance
of provisions is smaller than the opening balance and put in round brackets.

+ Profit/loss on exchange
difference due to reassessment of foreign currency monetary items (Entry 05)

This entry reflects profit or loss
on exchange difference due to reassessment of foreign currency monetary items
which have been aggregated with pretax profit in the accounting period. This
entry is recorded according to the difference between the credit balance and
debit balance of Account 413 after comparison with Account 515 (interest on
reassessment of foreign currency monetary items) or Account 635 (loss on
reassessment of foreign currency monetary items).

This entry may be deducted from
“Pretax profit” if there is a profit on exchange difference, or may be
aggregated with “pretax profit” if there is a loss on exchange difference.

+ Profit/loss on investing
activities (Entry 06)

This entry reflects the total
profit made or loss incurred in the period which have been aggregated with
pretax profit but classified as cash flows from investing activities,
including:

(+) Profit, loss on liquidation,
sale of fixed assets, investment property and impairment of investment property
held for capital appreciation;

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

(+) Profit, loss on sale,
withdrawal of financial investments (excluding profit and loss on trading
securities), such as: investments in jointly controlled entities or associate
companies; held to maturity investments;

(+) Losses or reversed losses on
held to maturity investments;

(+) Loan interests, deposit
interests, dividends and profits receivables.

This account is recorded according
to Accounts 515, 711, 632, 635, 811 and relevant accounts (interest or loss
classified as cash flow from investing activities).

This entry may be deducted from
“Pretax profit” if there is a net profit on investing activities and put in
round brackets (negative number), or may be aggregated with “Pretax profit” if
there is a net loss on investing activities.

+ Interest expense (Entry 07)

This entry reflects interest
expense recorded in the income statement of the period. This entry is recorded
according to Accounts 635 (loan interest incurred in the period) after
comparison with “Interest expense” in the income statement.

This entry may be aggregated with
“Pretax profit.

+ Other adjustments (Entry 08)

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

This entry may be aggregated with
“Pretax profit” if contributions are made in the period, or may be deducted
from “pretax profit” withdrawals are made in the period.

– Profit from operating
activities before working capital is changed (Entry 09)

Entry 09 = Entry 10 + Entry 11 +
Entry 12 + Entry 13 + Entry 14 + Entry 15 + Entry 16 + Entry 17 + Entry 18

+ Increases and decreases in
receivables (Entry 10)

This entry reflects the total
difference between the closing balance and opening balance of accounts receivable
(amounts related to business operation), such as Accounts 131, 136, 138, 133,
141, 331 (Prepayments to sellers).

This entry does not include the
receivables related to investing activities such as: advance payments to
construction contractors; loan principal and interest receivable; deposit
interest, dividends and distributed profits receivable; receivables from
liquidation of fixed assets, investment property and financial investments;
value of pledged fixed assets, etc.

This entry may be aggregated with
“Profit from operating activities before working capital is changed” if the
closing balance is smaller than the opening balance. This entry may be deducted
from “Profit from operating activities before working capital is changed” if
the closing balance is greater than the opening balance and put in round
brackets (negative number).

+ Increases and decreases in
inventory (Entry 11)

This entry reflects the difference
the closing balance and opening balance of inventory accounts (excluding
provision against devaluation of inventory, inventory used for capital
construction or exchange with fixed assets or investment property; experimental
production expenses included in costs of fixed assets derived from capital
construction). Inventory without identified purposes (for operating activities
or capital construction) shall be included in this entry.

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

If the enterprise is not able to
separate depreciation of fixed assets in inventory and depreciation included in
the income statement (“Depreciation of fixed assets and investment property” –
Entry 03 includes depreciation of fixed assets related to inventory), this
entry does not include depreciation of fixed assets in closing inventory (not
sold in the period).

+ Increases and decreases in
payables (excluding loan interests and corporate income tax payable) (Entry 12)

This entry reflects total
difference between the closing balance and opening balance of payables related
to business operation, such as Accounts 331, 333, 334, 335, 336, 338, 131
(prepayments by buyers).

This entry does not include
corporate income tax payable (Cr 3334) and loan interest payable (Cr 335).

This entry does not include
payables related to investing activities, such as: advance payments by buyers
related to liquidation of fixed assets or investment property; payables related
to purchases, development of fixed assets and investment property; payments for
equity instruments, debt instruments, and payables related to financing
activities such as principals of borrowings, finance lease liabilities,
dividends and profits payable.

This entry may be aggregated with
“Profit from operating activities before working capital is changed” if the
closing balance is greater than the opening balance. This entry may be deducted
from “Profit from operating activities before working capital is changed” if
the closing balance is smaller than the opening balance and put in round
brackets (negative number).

+ Increases and decreases in
prepaid expenses (Entry 13)

This entry reflects total
difference between the closing balance and opening balance of Account 242
(“Prepaid expenses”) excluding those related to cash flows from investing
activities, such as: land rents not qualified as intangible fixed assets and
capitalized prepaid loan interest.

…

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để sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.

Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

+ Increases and decreases in
trading securities (Entry 14)

This entry is recorded according to
total difference between the closing balance and opening balance of Account 121
(“Trading securities”) in the accounting period.

+ Paid loan interests (Entry 15)

This entry does not include paid
interest that has been capitalized as work in progress and classified as cash
flows from investing activities. If the loan interest paid in the period is
both capitalized and aggregated with financial expense, accountants shall
determine the paid interest of the cash flows from operating activities and
investing activities according to the capitalization ratio of the accounting
period.

This entry is recorded according to
Accounts 111 and 112 (loan interests), accounts receivable (payment of loan
interest from receivables) after comparison with Accounts 335, 635, 242 and
relevant accounts.

This entry may be deducted from
“Profit on business operation before working capital is changed” and put in
round brackets (negative number).

+ Paid corporate income tax
(Entry 16)

…

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để sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.

Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

This entry is recorded according to
Accounts 111 and 112 (corporate income tax) after comparison with Account 3334
in the accounting period and may be deducted from “Profit before working
capital is changed” in round brackets (negative number).

+ Other receivables from operating
activities (Entry 17)

This entry reflects receivables
from operating activities other than those mentioned in entries from 01 to 15
such as: rewards from external entities, contributions to the enterprise’s
funds, etc.

This entry is recorded according to
Accounts 111 and 112 after comparison with relevant accounts in the accounting
period. This entry may be aggregated with “Profit from operating activities
before working capital is changed”.

+ Other expenditures on
operating activities (Entry 18)

This entry reflects expenditures on
operating activities other than those mentioned in entries from 01 to 15 such
as: withdrawals from the welfare fund, scientific and technological development
fund; benefits for employees, etc.

This entry is recorded according to
Accounts 111 and 112 after comparison with relevant accounts in the accounting
period. This entry may be deducted from “Profit from operating activities
before working capital is changed”.

– Net cash flows from
operating activities (Entry 20)

This Entry reflects the difference
between revenues and expenditures from operating activities in the accounting
period. Negative numbers shall be put in round brackets.

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

2.4.4.2. Statement of cash
flows from investing activities

a) Statement rules:

– Cash inflows and outflows from
investing activities shall be separately presented on the cash flow statement.

– Cash flows from investing
activities shall be stated according to direct method or adjustable direct
method.

b) Specific rules (see From B03
– DNN)

– Expenditures on purchases,
development of fixed assets, investment property and other long-term assets
(Entry 21)

This entry reflects the total
expenditures on purchases, development of fixed assets, investment property, intangible
fixed assets, expenditures capitalized as intangible fixed assets, construction
in progress and real estate in the accounting period. Experimental production
expense after being offset against the revenue from products thereof shall be
aggregated with this entry (if expense if greater than revenue) or deducted
from this entry (if revenue is greater than expense).

This entry also reflects the
payments for raw materials, assets used for capital construction that have not
been used for capital construction at the end of the period; advance payments
to construction contractors but the works have not been transferred; payments
to sellers in the period related to purchases and investment in capital
construction.

In the cases where purchased raw
materials or assets are used for both business operation and capital
construction but the value of raw materials and assets for capital construction
or business operation cannot be identified, the payments shall be recorded to
cash flows from operating activities.

…

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để sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.

Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

This entry is recorded according to
Accounts 111, 112 (expenditure on purchases, construction of fixed assets,
investment property and other long-term assets, including capitalized loan
interest), 3411 (loan amount paid to sellers), 331 (advance payment or payment
of debts to capital construction contractors, sellers of fixed assets and
investment property) after comparison with accounts 211, 217, 241 in the
accounting period. This entry consists of negative numbers in round brackets.

– Revenues from liquidation,
sale of fixed assets, investment property and other long-term assets (Entry 22)

This entry reflects the net revenue
from liquidation and sale of tangible fixed assets, intangible fixed assets and
investment property in the accounting period, including collected debts related
to such liquidation or sale.

This entry does not include
revenues in the form of non-monetary assets or unrealized revenues from
liquidation or sale of fixed assets, investment property and other long-term
assets; does not include non-monetary expenses related to liquidation or sale
of fixed assets, investment property and remaining value of fixed assets and
investment property contributed as capital in jointly controlled entities and
associate companies or losses.

This entry reflects the difference
between the revenue from and expenditure on liquidation or sale of fixed
assets, investment property and other long-term assets. The revenue is obtained
from Account 111, 112 after comparison with Account 711, 5118, 131 (proceeds
from liquidation and sale of fixed assets, investment property and other
long-term assets) in the period. The expenditure is obtained from Account 111,
112 after comparison with Account 632 and 811 (liquidation and sale of fixed
assets and investment property) in the period. This entry consists of negative
numbers in round brackets if the revenue is smaller than expenditure.

– Granted loans and
contributed capital in other entities (Entry 23)

This entry reflects the total bank
deposit that is due after 3 months, loans granted to other entities, payments
for debt instruments of other entities (bonds, commercial papers, preferred
shares classified as liabilities, etc.), contributed capital in other entities
(including payments for voting common shares and preference shares classified
as equity; capital contributed to jointly controlled entities and associate
companies, etc.) that are held to maturity.

This entry does not include
payments for debt instruments classified as cash equivalents and payments for
debt instruments held for trading (to ear profit on difference between buying
price and selling price); granted loans, debt instruments paid with
non-monetary assets or refinance; payments for shares held for trading;
payments for preferred shares classified as liabilities; non-monetary assets
invested in other entities; investments in the form of bond or shares issuance;
conversion of debt instruments into capital contributions or outstanding debts.

This entry is obtained from
Accounts 111, 112 after comparison with Accounts 128, 228, 331 in the
accounting period. This entry consists of negative numbers in round brackets.

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

This entry reflects the total
withdrawn bank deposit that is due after 3 months, recovered loan principals,
bond principal, preferred shares classified as liabilities and debt instruments
of other entities; total amount obtained from sale or liquidation of stakes in
other entities (including payments for sale of equity instruments receivable in
previous periods) in the accounting period.

This entry does not include the
revenues from selling debt instruments classified as cash equivalents and
selling debt instruments classified as held for trading securities); revenues
in the form of non-monetary assets or conversion of debt instruments into
capital instruments of other entities, revenues from selling trading
securities; value of recovered investments in the form of non-monetary assets,
debt instruments or capital instruments of other entities or have not been paid
with cash.

This entry is obtained from
Accounts 111, 112 after comparison with Accounts 128, 228, 131 in the
accounting period.

– Collected loan interests,
dividends and distributed profits (Entry 25)

This entry reflects collected loan
interests, deposit interests, bond interests, dividends and profits from
investments in other entities in the accounting period. This entry does not
include profits and dividends received in the form of shares or non-monetary
assets.

This entry is obtained from
Accounts 111, 112 after comparison with Account 515.

– Net cash flows from
investing activities (Entry 30)

This entry reflects the difference
between the total revenue from and total expenditure on investing activities in
the accounting period. Negative numbers shall be put in round brackets.

Entry 30 = Entry 21 + Entry 22 +
Entry 23 + Entry 24 + Entry 25.

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

a. Statement rules:

Cash inflows and outflows from
financing activities shall be separately presented on the cash flow statement,
unless they are recorded as net cash flows.

b) Specific rules (see From
B03-DNN)

– Revenue from issuance of
shares, capital contributed by owners (Entry 31)

This entry reflects the total
amount collected from the enterprise’s owners who contribute capital in the
accounting period. This entry does not include loans and debts converted into
capital, undistributed post-tax profits converted into capital contribution
(including dividends paid with shares) or capital contribution in the form of
non-monetary assets.

In a joint-stock company, this
entry reflects the revenue from issuance of common shares at issuance price,
including revenue from issuance of preferred shares classified as equity, and
does not include revenue from issuance of preferred shares classified as
liabilities.

This entry is obtained from
Accounts 111, 112 after comparison with Account 411 in the accounting period.

– Capital returned to owners,
repurchased shares issued by the enterprise (Entry 32)

This entry reflects the total
capital contribution returned to the enterprise’s owners in cash or in the form
of repurchasing shares issued by the enterprise in cash for destruction or as
treasury shares in the accounting period.

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

This entry is obtained from Accounts
111, 112 after comparison with Accounts 411 and 419 in the accounting period.
This entry consists of negative numbers in round brackets.

– Revenues from loans (Entry
33)

This entry reflects the total
revenue from the enterprise’s borrowing process, including issuance of bonds of
financial institutions and credit institutions and other entities in the
accounting period. This entry does not include the loans in the form of
non-monetary assets or finance lease liabilities.

In case of issuance of preferred
shares, this entry reflects the total revenue from issuance of preferred shares
classified as liabilities.

This entry is recorded according to
Accounts 111, 112 and accounts payable (loan amount used for debt payment)
after comparison with Accounts 3411, 4111 and relevant accounts in the period.

– Repayment of loans and
finance lease principals (Entry 34)

This entry reflects the total
repayment of loan principals, preferred shares classified as liabilities and
finance lease principals in the accounting period.

This entry does not include the
repayment of loan and finance lease principals in the form of non-monetary
assets or conversion of the principals into stakes.

This entry is obtained from Accounts
111 and 112 and accounts receivable after comparison with Accounts 341 and 4111
in the accounting period. This entry consists of negative numbers in round
brackets.

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

This entry reflects the total dividends
and profits paid to the enterprise’s owners (including personal income tax paid
on behalf of the owners) in the accounting period.

This entry does not include the
profits converted into owners’ capital contributions, dividends in paid with
shares or non-monetary assets, and profits used as contributions to funds.

This entry is obtained from
Accounts 111 and 112 after comparison with Accounts 421 and 338 (paid dividends
and profits) in the accounting period. This entry consists of negative numbers
in round brackets.

– Net cash flows from
financing activities (Entry 40)

This entry reflects the difference
between the total revenue from and total expenditure on financing activities in
the accounting period. Negative numbers shall be put in round brackets.

Entry 40 = Entry 31 + Entry 32 +
Entry 33 + Entry 34 + Entry 35.

2.4.4.4. Total cash flows in
the period (see Form B03 – DNN)

– Net cash flows in the
period (Entry 50)

This entry reflects the difference
between total revenue from and expenditure on operating activities, investing
activities and financing activities of the enterprise in the accounting period.
Negative numbers shall be put in round brackets.

…

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để sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.

Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Opening cash and cash
equivalents (Entry 60)

This entry is recorded according to
“Cash and cash equivalents” at the beginning of the period (Entry 11), “opening
balance” column on the financial position statement).

– Impact of exchange rate
fluctuation (Entry 61)

This entry reflects the exchange
difference because of reassessment of closing balance of cash and cash
equivalents in foreign currencies (Entry 110 on the financial position
statement) at the end of the accounting period.

This entry is obtained from
Accounts 111, 112, 128 and relevant accounts (amounts qualified as cash
equivalents) after comparison with Account 413 in the accounting period. This
entry consists of positive numbers in case of profit and negative numbers (in
round brackets) in case of loss.

– Closing cash and cash
equivalents (Entry 70)

This entry is recorded according to
“Cash and cash equivalents” at the end of the period (Entry 110, “closing
balance” column on the financial position statement).

This entry is the total of entries
50, 60 and 61 and equal to Entry 110, “Closing balance” column on the financial
statement of the same period.

Entry 70 = Entry 50 + Entry 60 +
Entry 61.

…

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để sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.

Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

2.5.1. Purposes of notes to
financial statement

a) The notes to financial statement
are an integral part of an enterprise’s financial statement and intended to
describe or analyze data presented in the financial position statement, income
statement, cash flow statement and other necessary information.

b) The notes to financial statement
may contain other information deemed necessary by the enterprise.

2.5.2. Rules for preparing
and presenting notes to financial statement

a) When preparing the financial
statement, the enterprise shall prepare the notes to the financial statement
according to instructions herein.

b) The notes to the financial
statement must contain the following information:

– The basis of the financial
statement, accounting policies applied to important transactions and events;

– Additional information that is not
presented in other financial statements but necessary for truthful and rational
presentation of the enterprise’s finance and performance.

c) The notes to the financial
statement must be systematically presented. The enterprise may arrange the
order of the notes to the financial statement as long as each entry of the
financial position statement, income statement, and cash flow statement is
linked to relevant information in the notes to the financial statement.

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– The financial position statement,
income statement and cash flow statement of the same accounting period;

– The accounting books or relevant
balance sheets;

– The notes to the financial
statement of the previous period;

– The enterprise’s situation and
relevant documents.

2.5.4. Contents of the notes
to the financial statement

2.5.4.1. The enterprise’s
characteristics

a) Type of business entity:
Joint-stock company, limited liability company, partnership or sole
proprietorship.

b) Operating field: Industry,
trading, services, construction or mixed fields.

c) Business lines: primary business
lines and characteristics of products or services provided by the enterprise.

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(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

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dd) Whether the enterprise’s
operation in this fiscal year affects the financial statement: events related
to the legal environment, market developments, characteristics of business,
administration, finance, events such as merger, division, business upsizing or
downsizing, etc. that affect the enterprise’s financial statement.

2.5.4.2. Accounting period and
currency

a) Whether the accountant period is
the same as the calendar year; if not specify the beginning date and ending
date.

b) Accounting currency: VND or
another currency defined by the Law on Accounting.

2.5.4.3. Accounting standards
and accounting policies applied

Declaration of conformity with
accounting standards and accounting policies: Whether the financial statement
is prepared in conformity with accounting standards and accounting policies
applied to small and medium enterprises?

2.5.4.4. Applied accounting
policies

(1) Applied exchange rates:

– The enterprise’s regular bank

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(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

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(2) Rules for conversion of a
financial statement in foreign currency into VND.

(3) Rules for recording cash and
cash equivalents: basis for identification of cash equivalents.

(4) Rules for accounting of
financial investments

a) Regarding trading securities:

– Time of recording (for listed
securities, write T+0 or another time)

– Book value is the fair value or
historical cost;

– Basis for making provision
against devaluation of trading securities.

b) Loans granted:

– Whether the loans qualified as
foreign currency monetary items are reassessed?

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(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

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c) Regarding investments in jointly
controlled entities and associate companies (according to votes or other
agreements):

– Initial recording time.

– Criteria for identification of
jointly controlled entities and associate companies (according to proportion of
votes, stakes or interests);

– Basis for making provisions
against impairment of investments in jointly controlled entities or associates;
basis for determination of impairment;

d) Investments in equity
instruments of other entities:

– Whether book values of
investments in other entities according to historical cost or other criteria?

– Basis for making provisions
against impairment of investments in other entities; financial statement for
determination of impairment.

dd) Accounting methods applied to
other transactions related to financial investments:

– Shares swapping;

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(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

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– Stake purchase;

– Accounting methods applied to
dividends paid with shares;

(4) Rules for accounting of
receivables

– Criteria for classifying
receivables (trade receivables, intra-company receivables, other receivables).

– Whether the original term,
remaining term, currency and debtors of the receivables are monitored;

– Whether the receivables qualified
as foreign currency monetary items are reassessed?

– Method for making allowance for
bad debts.

(5) Rules for inventory accounting

– Whether inventory is recorded at
their historical cost or net realizable values.

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(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

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– Inventory accounting: perpetual
inventory system or periodic inventory system.

– Method for making provision
against devaluation of inventory (positive difference between the historical
cost and the net realizable value of inventory). Provision against devaluation
of inventory shall be made according to the difference the provision to be made
in the current year and that in the previous year.

(6) Rules for accounting and
depreciation of fixed assets, finance lease assets and investment property

a) Rules for accounting of tangible
fixed assets and intangible fixed assets:

– Rules for accounting of expenses
incurred (upgrade, renovation, maintenance, repair expenses) recorded as costs
or operating expenses;

– Fixed asset depreciation methods;

– Whether other regulations on
management, use and depreciation of fixed assets are complied with?

b) Rules for accounting of finance
lease assets:

– How costs are determined.

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(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

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c) Rules for accounting of
investment property

– How costs of investment property
are recorded.

– Methods for depreciation of
investment property.

(7) Rules for accounting of
liabilities

– How are liabilities classified?

– Whether the creditors, original
term, remaining term, currency of liabilities are monitored;

– Whether the liabilities qualified
as foreign currency monetary items are reassessed?

– Whether provisions are made for
liabilities?

(8) Rules for recording and
capitalizing borrowing costs:

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(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

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– Capitalization ratio?

(9) Rules for recording equity:

– Whether contributed capital in
reality recorded? How is share premium recorded?

– How is undistributed profit
determined?

(10) Rules and methods for
recording other revenues and incomes:

– Are revenues from goods sale and
service provisions qualified as revenues?

– Revenues from construction
contracts

– Rules for recording financial
incomes.

– Rules for recording other
incomes.

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Is cost of goods sold complied
with matching principle? Is conservatism principle complied with as expenses
beyond the normal level of inventory are promptly recorded? What are decreases
in cost of goods sold? Etc.

– Financial expense: Are interest
expense payable (including those recorded as accrued expenses) in the period
fully recorded?

– Administrative expense: Are selling
expenses and enterprise administration expenses incurred in the period fully
recorded? What are decreases in selling expenses and enterprise administration
expenses? Etc.

2.5.5. Additional information
about the financial position statement

– In this part, the enterprise shall
analyze the data presented in the financial position statement to help readers
better understand the assets, liabilities and equity.

– The units in this part are the
same as those in the financial position statement. Data in “Opening balance”
column are the same as those in “Closing balance” of the previous year’s
financial statement. Data in “Closing balance” column are obtained from:

+ The current year’s financial
position statement;

+ The general accounting books;

+ Detailed accounting books or relevant
balance sheets.

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(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

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– Reasons for failure to determine
fair values must be specified.

2.5.6. Additional information
about the income statement

– In this part, the enterprise
shall analyze the data presented in the income statement to help readers better
understand the revenues and expenses.

– The units in this part are the
same as those in the income statement. Data in “Previous year” are obtained
from the previous year’s notes to the financial statement. Data in “This year”
column are obtained from:

+ The current year’s income
statement;

+ The general accounting books;

+ Detailed accounting books or
relevant balance sheets.

– The enterprise may arrange the
order of information in this part as long as they match the income statement
and data of different periods are easy to compare.

– If data in “This year” column is
not comparable to “Previous year” column for some reasons, this must be
explained in the notes to the financial statement.

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(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– In this part, the enterprise
shall analyze the data presented in the cash flow statement to help readers
better understand the factors that affect the enterprise’s cash flows.

– The units in this part are the
same as those in the cash flow statement. Data in the “Previous year” column is
obtained from the notes to the previous year’s financial statement; Data in “This
year” column is obtained from:

+ Current year’s cash flow
statement;

+ The general accounting books;

+ Detailed accounting books or
relevant balance sheets.

2.5.8. Other information

Other important information (if
any) other than those prevented in aforementioned parts shall be presented in
this part if they are deemed necessary for users to understand that the
financial statement is truthfully and rationally presented.

SECTION 3.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF EXTRA-SMALL ENTERPRISES

Extra-small enterprises shall
prepare their financial statements according to the template in Appendix 2 to
this Circular and general rules.

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(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

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1. Contents of the financial
position statement (Form B01 – DNSN)

1.1. Assets

– Cash and cash equivalents
(Entry 110)

This entry reflects cash in funds,
demand deposits and cash equivalents of the enterprise at the reporting time.

Total balance of Account 111, Account
112, Account 1281 (term deposits of up to 3 months) and Account 1288 (amounts
qualified as cash equivalents) shall be recorded to this entry.

Cash equivalents may include
promissory notes, treasury bills, term deposits not exceeding 3 months, etc.

Overdue cash equivalents that are
not collected must be transferred to appropriate entries.

– Investments (Entry 120)

This entry reflects total financial
investments (minus provision for financial investments), including: trading
securities, held to maturity investments and investments in other entities.

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(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

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The balance of this entry equals
(=) the credit balance of Account 121, Account 228, Account 128 (minus
financial investments classified as cash equivalents and loans receivable)
minus the credit balance of Account 2291 and Account 2292.

– Receivables (Entry 130)

This entry reflects all receivables
at the reporting time (minus allowance for bad debts) such as: trade
receivables, advance payments to sellers, loans receivable, other receivables,
unresolved asset losses, deposits, etc.

The balance of this entry equals
(=) the total debit balance of Accounts 131, 136, 138, 141, 334, 338, 1288
(loans granted), 331 (prepayment to sellers) minus (-) the credit balance of
Account 2293.

– Inventory (Account 140)

This entry reflects current value
of inventory serving the enterprise’s business operation (minus provision
against devaluation of inventory) at the reporting time.

The balance of this entry equals
(=) the debit balance of Accounts 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157 minus (-)
the credit balance of Account 2294.

– Remaining values of fixed
assets and investment property (Entry 150)

This entry reflects the total
remaining value (cost minus accumulated depreciation) of fixed assets and
investment property at the reporting time.

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(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

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– Other assets (Entry 160)

This entry reflects the values of
assets other than those reflected by Entries 110, 120, 130, 140, 150 such as
deducted VAT, prepaid expenses, taxes and receivables from the State,
construction in progress, etc.

This entry reflects the debit
balance of Accounts 133, 241, 242, 333, etc.

– Total assets (Entry 200)

This entry reflects the total value
of the enterprise’s assets at the reporting time.

Entry 200 = Entry 110 + Entry 120 +
Entry 130 + Entry 140 + Entry 150 + Entry 160.

1.2. Liabilities (Entry 300)

This entry reflects total
liabilities at the reporting time.

Entry 300 = Entry 310 + Entry 320 +
Entry 330 + Entry 340 + Entry 350 + Entry 360

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(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

This entry reflects the amounts
payable to sellers.

This entry reflects the total
credit balance of Account 331.

– Advance payments by buyers
(Entry 320)

This entry reflects advance
payments by buyers for goods/services, fixed assets, investment property to be
provided by the enterprise at the reporting time (excluding prepaid revenues).
This entry reflects the detailed credit balance of Account 131.

– Taxes and other payables to
the State (Entry 330)

This entry reflects total amounts
payable by the enterprise to the State at the reporting time, including taxes,
fees, charges and other amounts payable.

This entry reflects the total
credit balance of Account 333.

– Payables to employees (Entry 340)

This entry reflects the amounts
payable by the enterprise to its employees at the reporting time.

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(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

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– Loans payable (Entry 350)

This entry reflects total value of
the loans and finance lease liabilities owed by the enterprise to banks, other
organizations, financial companies and other entities.

This entry reflects the credit
balance of Account 341.

– Other payables (Entry 360)

This entry reflects payables other
than those reflected by Entries 310, 320, 330, 340, 350, such as: expenses,
intra-company payables, received deposits, provision for payables, unrealized
revenues, assets in surplus pending resolution, welfare fund, development of
science and technology fund, other amounts payable, etc.

This entry reflects the credit
balance of Accounts 1388, 335, 336, 338, 352, 353, 356.

1.3. Equity (Entry 400)

This entry reflects capital owned
by shareholders and capital contributors such as capital contributed by owners,
equity funds, undistributed post-tax profits, exchange differences, etc.

Entry 400 = Entry 410 + Entry 420 +
Entry 430.

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(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

This entry reflects total capital
contributed by owners, share premium and other capital (if any) of the
enterprise at the reporting time.

This entry reflects the credit
balance of Account 411.

– Undistributed post-tax profits
(420)

This entry reflects the
undistributed after-tax profit or loss at the reporting time.

This entry reflects the credit
balance of Account 421. If Account 421 has a debit balance, negative numbers
shall be put in round brackets.

– Other equity items (Entry 430)

This entry reflects the value of
other equity items other than those reflected by Entry 410 and 420. Negative
numbers shall be put in round brackets.

This entry reflects the credit
balance of Accounts 418 minus (-) the debit balance of Account 419.

– Total capital (Entry 500)

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(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

Entry 500 = Entry 300 + Entry 400.

Total
assets (Entry 200)

Total
capital (Entry 500)

2. Contents of the income
statement (Form B02 – DNSN)

– Net revenues from goods sale
and service provision (Entry 01)

This entry reflects total revenue
from goods sale and service provision minus (-) deductions in the accounting
period. This entry does not include indirect taxes incurred during the sale and
service provision process.

This entry reflects the debit
balance of Account 511 and credit side of Account 911.

– Costs of goods sold (Entry 02)

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(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

This entry reflects the credit side
of Account 632 and debit side of Account 911.

– Administrative expense
(Entry 03)

This entry reflects the total
administration expenses incurred in the period.

This entry reflects the credit side
of Account 642 and debit side of Account 911.

– Profit/loss on financing
activities and other operations (Entry 04)

This entry reflects the profit or
loss on financing activities and other operations in the accounting period.

This entry present the difference between
the credit balance of Accounts 515 and 711 (minus decreases in financial income
and other income) and the debit balance of Accounts 635 and 811 (minus
decreases in financial expenses and other expenses).

In case of loss, this entry
consists of negative numbers in round brackets.

– Pre-tax accounting profit
(Entry 05)

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(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

In case of loss, this entry
consists of negative numbers in round brackets.

Entry 05 = Entry 01 – Entry 02 –
Entry 03 + Entry 04.

– Corporate income tax (Entry
06)

This entry reflects corporate
income tax incurred in the accounting period. This entry reflects the credit
balance of Account 821 and debit balance of Account 911, or debit balance of
Account 821 and credit balance of Account 911 in the accounting period.

– Post-tax profit (Entry 07)

This entry reflects total net
profit (or loss) of the year after corporate income tax is paid.

In case of loss, this entry
consists of negative numbers in round brackets.

Entry 07 = Entry 05 – Entry 06.

3. Contents of the notes to the
financial statement (Form B09 – DNSN)

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(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

a) Type of business entity:
Joint-stock company, limited liability company, partnership or sole
proprietorship.

b) Operating field: Industry,
trading, services, construction or mixed fields.

c) Business lines: primary business
lines and characteristics of products or services provided by the enterprise.

3.2. Accounting period and
currency

a) Whether the accountant period is
the same as the calendar year; if not specify the beginning date and ending
date.

b) Accounting currency: VND.

3.3. Accounting standards and
accounting policies applied

Declaration of conformity with accounting
standards and accounting policies: Whether the financial statement is prepared
in conformity with accounting standards and accounting policies applied to
Vietnamese enterprises?

3.4. Additional information
about the financial position statement

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

+ The current year’s financial
position statement;

+ The general accounting books;

+ Detailed accounting books or
relevant balance sheets.

– The enterprise may arrange the
order of information in this part as long as they match the financial position
statement and data of different periods are easy to compare.

3.5. Additional information
about the income statement

– In this part, the enterprise
shall analyze the data presented in the income statement to help readers better
understand the revenues and expenses.

+ The current year’s income
statement;

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

+ Detailed accounting books or
relevant balance sheets.

– The enterprise may arrange the
order of information in this part as long as they match the income statement
and data of different periods are easy to compare.

– If data in “Previous year” column
is not comparable to “Next year” column for some reasons, this must be
explained in the notes to the financial statement.

3.6. Other information requiring
explanation

SECTION 4.
CONTENTS AND PREPARATION OF THE BALANCE SHEET

Article 83.
Contents and preparation of the balance sheet (Form F01 – DNN)

1. Purposes: Reflect current
assets and capital sources of a unit in the accounting period and from the
beginning of the year to the end of the accounting period, increases and
decreases thereof. Data on the balance sheet are the basis for preparing the
general accounting books and comparison of data on the financial statement.

2. Basis and method for
recording:

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

Accounting books must be completed
before preparing the balance sheet; data in relevant books must be compared;

Data in a balance sheet are
classified into:

– Account balances at the beginning
(Column 1 and Column 2 – Opening balance) and at the end of the period (Column
5 and Column 6 – Closing balance); accounts having a credit balance are written
in “Credit” column; accounts having a debit balance are written in “Debit”
column.

– Increases and decreases in the
accounts during the accounting period (Column 3 and Column 4);

– Column A and Column B: Numbers
and names of accounts used by the unit and some sub-accounts that need
analyzing.

– Column 1 and Column 2 – Opening
balance: the balance on the first day of the first month of the year. Data in
this column are obtained from the balances at the beginning of the first month
of the year on the ledger or “Closing balance” of the previous year’s balance
sheet.

– Column 3 and 4: credits and
debits of accounts in the year. Data in this part are obtained according to the
accumulated amounts of each corresponding account on the ledger.

– Column 5 and Column 6 – Closing:
the balance on the last day of the year. Data in this part are obtained from
the closing balance of the last month of the year on the ledger or Columns 1,
2, 3, 4 of the current year’s balance sheet. Data in Column 5 and Column 6 will
be used to prepare the next year’s balance sheet.

The balance sheet will be summed up
after relevant data are written. Data on the balance sheet must ensure the
mandatory balance of:

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

Chapter IV

ACCOUNTING DOCUMENTS

Article 84.
General provisions

1. Accounting documents used by enterprises
must comply with provisions of the Law on Accounting, its elaborating Decrees
and amendments thereto.

2. All templates of accounting
documents in Appendix 3 enclosed herewith are instructional. Enterprises may
design their own accounting documents to satisfy their needs as long as they
are conformable with the Law on Accounting, clear, transparent, easy to inspect
and compare.

3. Enterprises that do not design
their own accounting document may apply the templates in Appendix 3 enclosed
herewith.

4. Enterprises having special
financing activities that are regulated by other legislative documents shall
apply their provisions.

Article 85.
Preparing and signing accounting documents

1. Business and financial
transactions related to the enterprise’s operation must be recorded into
accounting documents. Only one accounting document shall be prepared for each
transaction.

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

3. Abbreviations, erasures and
adjustments are not allowed on accounting documents; Accounting documents must
be written with pens; numbers and text must be written continuously without
interruption; blank spaces must be crossed out. Accounting documents that
contain erasures or adjustments are invalid. Erroneous accounting documents
shall be crossed out.

4. Each accounting document must
have adequate copies.

5. Accounting documents shall bare
adequate signatures and positions of the signors. Indelible ink must be used
for signatures on accounting documents. Do not us red ink or signature stamps
on accounting documents. A person’s signatures on accounting documents must be
consistent. The persons who prepare, approve and sign accounting documents are
responsible for contents thereof.

6. Accountants of an enterprise
that does not have a chief accountant shall make transactions with customers
and banks, etc. The chief accountant’s signature shall be received by
signatures of such accountants. The accountants shall perform the chief
accountant’s rights and obligations.

7. Accounting documents shall be
signed by authorized persons. An authorized person must not sign an accounting
document before it is completed.

8. The General Director (Director)
or legal representative of the enterprise shall decide the persons authorized
to sign accounting documents in accordance with law and suitable for asset
control and protection.

9. Payment vouchers must be signed
by the authorized person or the chief accountant before paying. Every copy of a
payment voucher must be signed.

10. The chief accountant (or
authorized person) must not sign accounting documents on behalf of the head of the
enterprise. The authorized person must not authorize another person to sign
accounting documents.

11. Electronic documents shall bear
electronic signatures. Signatures on electronic documents are as valid as those
on physical documents.

…

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để sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.

Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

1. All accounting documents
prepared by the enterprise or received from external entities shall be gathered
at the enterprise’s accounting department. The accounting department shall only
record them to accounting books after their legitimacy are verified.

2. Order for circulation of
accounting documents:

– Prepare, receive, process
accounting documents;

– Accountants, chief accountant or
authorized person inspect and sign accounting documents;

– Classify, arrange accounting
documents and record them to accounting books;

– Put accounting documents in
storage.

3. Order for inspection of
accounting documents.

– Inspect the clarity, truthfulness
and adequacy of the elements on accounting documents;

– Inspect the legitimacy of
transactions recorded on accounting documents; compare accounting documents
with relevant documents;

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

4. In the cases where violations are
discovered during inspection of accounting documents, the inspector shall
reject the transaction and inform the enterprise’s operator. Regarding
accounting documents whose contents or text are not clear or that are made
against procedures, the inspector shall return them and only record them after
adjustments are made.

Article 87.
Translation of accounting documents into Vietnamese language; use, management,
printing and issuance of accounting document templates

Accounting documents in foreign
languages must be translated into Vietnam when they are used to record
accounting books and prepare financial statements in Vietnam.

The accounting unit is responsible
for the accuracy and adequacy of translated contents. The Vietnamese
translation must be enclosed with the original copy.

Vietnamese translations of
documents enclosed with an accounting document in a foreign language such as
contracts, payment vouchers, project dossier, annual statement and relevant
documents are not required unless they are required by a competent authority.

Enterprises may purchase accounting
documents or design and print their own accounting documents as long as they
are conformable with the Law on Accounting.

Accounting documents must be
carefully protected. Checks and financial instruments must be managed as if
cash. Enterprises using electronic documents shall comply with legislative
documents on electronic documents

Chapter V

ACCOUNTING BOOKS AND
ACCOUNTING METHODS

…

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để sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.

Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

1. Accounting books are used to record
and systemize the enterprise’s transactions in chronological order. Each small
or medium enterprise only has one accounting book system for an accounting
period. Small and medium enterprises shall comply with regulations of the Law
on Accounting on accounting books, its instructional documents and amendments.

2. Enterprises may design their own
accounting books as long as information about transactions are clear,
sufficient, easy to verify and compare. Enterprises that do not design their
own accounting books may apply the templates in Appendix 4 enclosed herewith.

3. Enterprises may decide their own
accounting methods as long as information about transactions are promptly and
fully recorded, easy to verify and compare.

Article 89.
Responsibilities of accounting book keepers

Accounting books must be strictly
managed; The persons responsible for keeping and making accounting books must
be identified. The keeper is responsible for the contents of the accounting
book given to him/her throughout its use period. When an accounting book keeper
is replaced, the chief accountant shall arrange the handover of responsibility.
The handover record must bear the chief accountant’s signature.

Article 90.
Opening, making and adjusting accounting books

1. Opening accounting books

The accounting book shall be opened
at the beginning of the annual accounting period or when the enterprise is
established (for new enterprises). The legal representative and chief
accountant of the enterprise shall sign the accounting books. Accounting books
may be bound into books or stored separately. Completed pages shall be bound
into books for retention. The following procedures must be completed before
using an accounting book:

– For books: Write the enterprise’s
name, book name, opening date, fiscal year, names and signatures of the keeper,
chief accountant and legal representative, closing date or handover date on the
first page. The book must be numbered and fan-stamped thoroughly.

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

2. Recording: accounting books
shall be made according to verified accounting documents. Data on accounting
books must be supported by legitimate and rational accounting documents.

3. Closing: Accounting books shall
be closed at the end of the accounting period before the financial statement is
prepared. Accounting books shall also be closed in case of stocktaking and
other cases prescribed by law.

4. Accounting book keepers that are
employees of accounting firms must specify their practising certificate number,
name and workplace.

5. Errors in accounting books shall
be adjusted in accordance with the Law on Accounting.

6. Errors in previous periods shall
be retroactively adjusted.

Chapter VI

IMPLEMENTATION

Article 91.
Conversion of balance in accounting books

1. The balance of the following
accounts shall be converted:

…

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

– Bonds, treasury bills, exchange
bills held to maturity and/or not held for trading in Account 121 (Short-term
financial investments) shall be transferred to Account 128 (Held to maturity investments)
(1288);

– The balance of Account 142
(Short-term prepaid expenses) shall be transferred to Account 242 (Prepaid
expenses);

– Short-term deposits in Account
1388 and Account 244 (Long-term deposits) shall be transferred to Account 1386
(Pledges and deposits);

– The provisions in Account 159 and
Account 229 shall be transferred to Account 229 (Provision against impairment
of assets;

– The balance of Account 311,
Account 315, Account 3411 and Account 3412 shall be transferred to Account 341
(Borrowings and finance lease liabilities);

– Account 3414 shall be transferred
to Account 3386.

– Accrued expenses for repair and
maintenance of fixed assets (if required), environmental costs, relocation
costs and similar amounts reflected by Account 335 (Expenses payable) shall be
transferred to Account 352 (Provisions for payables (sub-account 3524).

2. Other contents that are not
conformable with this Circular must be adjusted to this Circular.

Article 92.
Retrospective clause

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Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ: ĐT:

(028) 3930 3279

DĐ:

0906 22 99 66

Bạn phải đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký Thành Viênđể sử dụng được đầy đủ các tiện ích gia tăng liên quan đến nội dung TCVN.Mọi chi tiết xin liên hệ:

2. Enterprises shall explain the
changes by comparing this Circular and Decision No. 48/2006/QD-BTC dated
September 14, 2006 of the Minister of Finance.

Article 93.
Effect

1. This Circular applies to the
fiscal year beginning on or after January 01, 2017. All provisions that
contravene this Circular are annulled. This Circular supersedes the provisions
applied to small and medium enterprises in Decision No. 48/2006/QD-BTC dated
September 14, 2006 of the Minister of Finance and Circular No. 138/2011/TT-BTC
dated October 04, 2011 of the Ministry of Finance.

2. Ministries, the People’s
Committees, Departments of Finance, Provincial Departments of Taxation shall
instruct enterprises to implement this Circular. Difficulties that arise during
the implementation of this Circular should be reported to the Ministry of
Finance for consideration./.

PP
MINISTER
DEPUTY MINISTER

Tran Van Hieu