The effect of apple cider vinegar on lipid profiles and glycemic parameters: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

TGParticipants conditionType 2 diabetes5−22.46 (−40.27, −4.65)0%0.001Other condition4−40.86 (−93.61, 11.88)97%Amount of apple vinegar> 15 mL/day5− 47.59 (−101.58, 6.67)96%< 0.001≤ 15 mL/day4−21.91 (−35.23, −8.60)0%Duration>  8 weeks4−48.22 (−92.83, − 3.60)96%< 0.001≤ 8 weeks5−9.51 (− 33.63, 14.60)32%TCParticipants conditionType 2 diabetes5−11.51 (− 18.16, −4.86)0%0.01Other condition4−3.21 (−8.81, 2.40)47%Amount of apple vinegar> 15 mL/day5−4.00 (−10.19, 2.19)46%0.03≤ 15 mL/day4−10.22 (− 16.46, −3.98)0%Duration>  8 weeks4−7.61 (−14.29, −0.94)49%0.75≤ 8 weeks5−5.71 (−14.33, 2.92)49%LDL-CParticipants conditionType 2 diabetes5−5.39 (− 14.31, 3.53)48%0.002Other condition41.62 (−9.85, 5.85)87%Amount of apple vinegar> 15 mL/day5−0.59 (−11.73, 10.55)85%0.003≤ 15 mL/day4−4.34 (−12.51, 3.84)38%Duration>  8 weeks4−1.41 (− 16.36, 13.55)90%0.02≤ 8 weeks5−1.66 (−8.83, 5.51)38%HDL-CParticipants conditionType 2 diabetes50.21 (−2.17, 2.60)34%0.10Other condition41.73 (0.28, 3.18)0%Amount of apple vinegar> 15 mL/day50.39 (−1.78, 2.57)56%0.49≤ 15 mL/day41.61 (−0.52, 3.75)0%Duration>  8 weeks41.62 (− 0.07, 3.30)0%0.32≤ 8 weeks50.52 (−1.75, 2.79)48%FPGParticipants conditionType 2 diabetes5−16.28 (−33.02, 0.47)83%0.69Other condition2−3.53 (−6.70, −0.37)0%Amount of apple vinegar> 15 mL/day3−16.12 (−41.31, 9.07)87%0.15≤ 15 mL/day4−4.10 (−8.98, 0.76)52%Duration>  8 weeks3−3.78 (− 6.90, −0.66)0%0.55≤ 8 weeks4−17.14 (−38.15, 3.86)86%HbA1CParticipants conditionType 2 diabetes3−0.77 (−1.56, 0.02)88%0.001Other condition3−0.07 (− 0.32, 0.18)0%Amount of apple vinegar> 15 mL/day3−0.60 (−1.54, 0.33)92%0.13≤ 15 mL/day3−0.24 (− 0.51, 0.03)10%Duration>  8 weeks3−0.72 (−1.58, 0.15)90%0.01≤ 8 weeks3−0.14 (− 0.43, 0.15)23%