History of American Literature

  1. Estt. 1869

    History of

    American
    Literature
    A Report for E.A. Literature

    Thursday, November 7, 2013

    Reporters:
    Kimberly B. Dela Cruz
    Jonathan Ace Robles
    Jhoanna Rose Tenorio

    Member of the Asscoiated
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  2. OVERVIEW
    During its early

    history, America
    was a series of British colonies on
    the eastern coast of the present-day
    United States. Therefore, its literary
    tradition begins as linked to the
    broader tradition of English
    literature. However, unique
    American characteristics and the
    breadth of its production usually
    now cause it to be considered a
    separate path and tradition.

  3. Colonial Literature
    Some of

    the earliest forms of American
    literature were pamphlets and writings
    extolling the benefits of the colonies to both
    a European and colonist audience.
    John Smith
    Captain John Smith could be considered the
    first American author with his works: A True
    Relation of … Virginia (1608).
    The revolutionary period also contained
    Samuel Adams
    political writings, including those by
    colonist Samuel Adams. Two key figures
    were Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Paine.
    Franklin’s Poor Richard’s Almanac and The
    Benjamin Franklin
    Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin are
    esteemed works with their wit and
    influence toward the formation of a
    budding American identity.
    Thomas Paine

  4. Early U.S. Literature
    In

    the post-war period, The Federalist essays
    by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison,
    and John Jay represented a historical
    Alexander Hamilton
    discussion of government organization and
    republican values. Thomas
    Jefferson’s United States Declaration of
    Independence, his influence on the
    James Madison
    Constitution, and the mass of his letters
    have led to him being considered one of the
    most talented early American writers.
    John Jay
    The first American novel is sometimes
    considered to be William Hill Brown’s The
    Power of Sympathy (1789). Much of the
    early literature of the new nation struggled
    Thomas Jefferson
    to find a uniquely American voice. European
    forms and styles were often transferred to
    new locales and critics often saw them as
    inferior
    W.H. Brown

  5. Unique American Style
    With

    the War of 1812 and an increasing desire
    to produce uniquely American work, a
    number of key new literary figures
    appeared, perhaps most prominently
    Washington Irving
    Washington Irving, James Fenimore
    Cooper, and Edgar Allan Poe.
    Irving, often considered the first writer to
    develop a unique American style (although
    James Fenimore
    this is debated) wrote humorous works
    Cooper
    in Salmagundi and the well-known satire A
    History of New York, by Diedrich
    Edgar Allan Poe
    Knickerbocker (1809).
    Anti-transcendental works from Melville
    (Moby-Dick), Hawthorne (Scarlet Letter),
    and Poe (The Fall of the House of Usher) all
    comprise the Dark Romanticism subgenre of
    Hawthorne
    literature popular during this time.

  6. American 19th Century

    Poetry
    America’s two greatest 19th-century poets could hardly have
    been more different in temperament and style. Walt
    Whitman (1819-1892) was a working man, a traveler, a selfappointed nurse during the American Civil War (18611865), and a poetic innovator. His magnum opus was Leaves
    of Grass, in which he uses a free-flowing verse and lines of
    irregular length to depict the all-inclusiveness of American
    democracy. Taking that motif one step further, the poet
    equates the vast range of American experience with himself
    without being egotistical.
    Emily Dickinson (1830-1886), on the other hand, lived the
    sheltered life of a genteel unmarried woman in small-town
    Amherst, Massachusetts. Within its formal structure, her
    poetry is ingenious, witty, exquisitely wrought, and
    psychologically penetrating. Her work was unconventional
    for its day, and little of it was published during her lifetime.
    Many of her poems dwell on death, often with a
    mischievous twist.

    Walt Whitman

    Emily Dickinson

  7. Realism
    Mark Twain (the pen name of Samuel Langhorne 
    Clemens, 1835-1910) was the first major American 
    writer to be born away from the East Coast — in the 
    border state of Missouri. His regional masterpieces 
    were the memoir Life on

    the Mississippi and the 
    novel Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Twain’s style 
    changed the way Americans write their language. 
    His characters speak like real people and sound 
    distinctively American, using local dialects, newly 
    invented words, and regional accents.
    Henry James (1843-1916) confronted the Old WorldNew World dilemma by writing directly about it. 
    Among his more accessible works are the 
    novellas Daisy Miller, about an enchanting 
    American girl in Europe, and The Turn of the Screw, 
    an enigmatic ghost story.

    Mark Twain

    Henry James

  8. Turn of the

    Century
    At the beginning of the 20th century, American novelists 
    were expanding fiction’s social spectrum to encompass 
    both high and low life and sometimes connected to the 
    naturalist school of realism. 
    More directly political writings discussed social issues and 
    power of corporations. Some like Edward
    Bellamy in Looking Backward outlined other possible 
    political and social frameworks. Upton Sinclair, most 
    famous for his meat-packing novel The Jungle, 
    advocated socialism. Henry Adams’ literate 
    autobiography, The Education of Henry Adams also 
    depicted a stinging description of the education system 
    and modern life.
    Experimentation in style and form soon joined the new 
    freedom in subject matter. 

    Edward Bellamy

    Upton Sinclair

    Henry Adams

  9. Turn of the

    Century
    American writers also expressed the disillusionment 
    following upon the war. The stories and novels of 
    F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896-1940) capture the restless, 
    pleasure-hungry, defiant mood of the 1920s. Fitzgerald’s 
    characteristic theme, expressed poignantly in The Great
    Gatsby, is the tendency of youth’s golden dreams to 
    dissolve in failure and disappointment. 
    Depression era literature was blunt and direct in its social 
    criticism. John Steinbeck (1902-1968). His style was 
    simple and evocative, winning him the favor of the 
    readers but not of the critics. The Grapes of Wrath, 
    considered his masterpiece, is a strong, socially-oriented 
    novel that tells the story of the Joads, a poor family from 
    Oklahoma and their journey to California in search of a 
    better life.

    Scott Fritzgerald

    John Steinbeck

  10. Post-World War II
    The

    period in time from the end of World War II up until,
    roughly, the late 1960s and early 1970s saw to the
    publication of some of the most popular works in American
    history.
    The poetry and fiction of the “Beat Generation,” largely born of
    a circle of intellects formed in New York City around
    Columbia University and established more officially some
    time later in San Francisco, came of age. The term, Beat,
    referred, all at the same time, to the countercultural rhythm
    of the Jazz scene, to a sense of rebellion regarding the
    conservative stress of post-war society, and to an interest in
    new forms of spiritual experience through drugs, alcohol,
    philosophy, and religion, and specifically through Zen
    Buddhism
    Regarding the war novel specifically, there was a literary
    explosion in America during the post-World War II era.
    Some of the most well known of the works produced
    included Norman Mailer’s The Naked and the Dead (1948).

    Norman Mailer

  11. TIMELINE
    1600s

    1700s

    1800s

    Colonia
    l
    Period

    Early US
    Literatur
    e

    Unique
    American
    Style

    Post
    WorldWar II

    st

    1950s-21
    century

    Turn of
    the
    Century
    th

    20
    century

    19 th
    century
    American
    Poetry

    Realism
    12