Copy Your Neighbour, What Are You Laughing At?, Memory Decoding Reading Answers | IELTSMaterial.com
14 Answer: B
Question type: Matching Features
Answer location: Paragraph D, line 4
Answer explanation: 24th line of paragraph D states that the findings come from Elke Zimmerman, head of the Institute for Zoology in Germany, who compared the sounds made by babies and chimpanzees in response to tickling during the first year of their life. These lines indicate that Elke Zimmerman compared the sounds of babies and chimpanzees made in response to tickling in the first year of life. So, it’s evident that Elke Zimmerman was a man who compared the tickling sounds of babies and chimps to know whether they produced similar sounds of laughter. Thus, the answer is B.
15 Answer: D
Question type: Matching Features
Answer location: Paragraph E, line 5
Answer explanation: Paragraph E, Line 5 states that till now, the most compelling evidence for laughter beyond primates comes from research done by Jaak Panksepp from Bowling Green State University, Ohio, into the ultrasonic chirps produced by rats during play and in response to tickling. These lines suggest that the most significant evidence for laughter beyond primates is from Jaak Panksepp’s research, where it was researched if the ultrasonic chirps produced by rats during play and in response to tickling. We can understand that it was Jaak Panksepp who proved that primates are not the only ones who can laugh. So, the answer is D.
16 Answer: A
Question type: Matching Features
Answer location: Paragraph F, line 10
Answer explanation: The 10th line of paragraph F is said by Flamson, who says, “Even in rats, laughter, tickle, play, and trust are linked. Rats chirp a lot when they play, ‘says Flamson. ‘These chirps can be aroused by tickling. And they get bonded to us as a result, which certainly seems like a show of trust.’” These lines reveal that laughter, tickle, play, and trust are linked in rats as they chirp a lot while they play. Their chirps are aroused by tickling. As a result of which they get bonded, which showcases trust. Therefore, these lines are said by Tom Flamson. So, the answer is A.
17 Answer: C
Question type: Matching Features
Answer location: Paragraph B
Answer explanation: The introductory line of Paragraph B states that laughter evolved as a signal to others – it almost disappears when we are alone,’ says Robert Provine, a neuroscientist at the University of Maryland. Provine found that most laughter comes as a polite reaction to everyday remarks such as ‘see you later’, rather than anything particularly funny. We can deduce that Robert Provine saying that laughter is like a signal to others, which disappears when a person is alone. Provine also claims that most of the laughter comes as a polite interaction between people rather than something funny. Thus, Provine says that laughter is a response to polite situations instead of humor. So, the answer is C.
18 Answer: B
Question type: Matching Features
Answer location: Paragraph D, line 8
Answer explanation: The 8th line of paragraph D illustrates, Zimmerman believing the closeness of baby laughter to chimp laughter supports the idea that laughter was around long before humans arrived on the scene. These lines reveal that Zimmerman believed that there were similarities between a baby’s laughter and chimpanzee’s laughter and that the laughter was around long before humans arrived. Thus, animal laughter evolved before humans was said by Elke Zimmerman. So, the answer is B.
19 Answer: C
Question type: Matching Features
Answer location: Paragraph B, line 2
Answer explanation: Paragraph B, line 2 states that Laughter evolved as a signal to others – it almost disappears when we are alone,’ says Robert Provine, a neuroscientist at the University of Maryland. Provine found that most laughter comes as a polite reaction to everyday remarks such as ‘see you later’, rather than anything particularly funny. These lines indicate that most of the laughter comes as a response to polite interaction between people such as ‘see you later’ rather than something funny. Here, polite interaction refers to social activity. So, laughter can be defined as social activity, was said by Robert Provine. Thus, the answer is C.
20 Answer: I
Question type: Summary Completion
Answer location: Paragraph C
Answer explanation: The initial lines of paragraph C illustrates, “To find the origins of laughter, Provine believes we need to look at the play.” These lines demonstrate provine saying that in order to find the origins of laughter, it is required to look at the play. Thus, according to Provine, laughter first evolved out of play. So, the answer that fits the sentence is I. play.
21 Answer: C
Question type: Summary Completion
Answer location: Paragraph D, line 7
Answer explanation: We can find reference in the 7th line of paragraph D that Zimmerman discovered that chimp and human baby laughter follow broadly the same pattern. She believed the closeness of baby laughter to chimp laughter supports the idea that laughter was around long before humans arrived on the scene. What started simply as a modification of breathing associated with enjoyable and playful interactions has acquired a symbolic meaning as an indicator of pleasure. We can understand from these lines that Zimmerman found a similarity between the laughter of babies and chimps, which revealed that laughter was around long before humans arrived. What initially started with the breathing associated with playful and enjoyable interaction has now a symbolic meaning indicating pleasure. Hence, it is evident that the origin of the laughter of chimps and humans is the same. So, the answer is C. Origins.
22 Answer: G
Question type: Summary Completion
Answer location: Paragraph E, line 4
Answer explanation: The 4th line of paragraph E illustrates that Scientists are currently testing such stories with a comparative analysis of just how common laughter is, among animals. So far, though, the most compelling evidence for laughter beyond primates comes from research done by Jaak Panksepp from Bowling Green State University, Ohio, into the ultrasonic chirps produced by rats during play and in response to tickling. These lines indicate that scientists are researching how common laughter is among the animals. Till now, the most significant evidence for laughter beyond primates comes from Jaak’s research. So, it’s evident that primates can also laugh. So, the answer is G – Primates.
23 Answer: E
Question type: Summary Completion
Answer location: Paragraph F, line 10
Answer explanation: We find reference in the 10th line of paragraph F, which states that laughter, tickle, play, and trust are linked to rats. Tom Flamson says that rats chirp a lot when they play and those chirps can be aroused by tickling. And they get bonded to us as a result, which certainly seems like a show of trust. These lines reveal that rats get bound to humans showcasing trust. This line indicates that humans laugh when they trust someone, which builds confidence. Although the reasons why humans started to laugh is still not known, it seems that laughter results from the confidence a person feels with another person. So, the answer is E – confidence.
24 Answer: False
Question type: True/False/Not Given
Answer location: Paragraph B, line 5
Answer explanation: The 5th line of paragraph B states that men tend to laugh longer and harder when they are with other men, perhaps as a way of bonding. Women tend to laugh more and at a higher pitch when men are present, possibly indicating flirtation or even submission. These lines suggest that men used to laugh more when they’ve company with other men, resulting in a great bond between them. Similarly, women laugh harder and louder when there’s a man present with them indicating a sign of flirtatious behavior or submission. Thus, the statement contradicts the information, so, the answer is False.
25 Answer: True
Question type: True/False/Not Given
Answer location: Paragraph D, line 8
Answer explanation: The 8th line of paragraph D illustrates that Zimmerman thought the closeness of baby laughter to chimp laughter supports the idea that laughter was around long before humans arrived on the scene. What started simply as a modification of breathing associated with enjoyable and playful interactions has acquired a symbolic meaning as an indicator of pleasure. These lines indicate Zimmerman’s belief that there was a similarity in the laughter of baby and chimp, which supported the idea that laughter was around long before humans arrived. What started with the breathing associated with playful and enjoyable interactions has a symbolic meaning which indicates pleasure. This line suggests that primates could laugh before humans but their laugh was not a symbol of pleasure as humans. Thus, the statement matches the information, so, the answer is True.
26 Answer: Not Given
Question type: True/False/Not Given
Answer location: Paragraph A, line 2
Answer explanation: The 2nd line of paragraph A states that while joking and wit are uniquely human inventions, laughter certainly is not. Other creatures, including chimpanzees, gorillas, and even rats, chuckle. Obviously, they don’t crack up at Homer Simpson or titter at the boss’s dreadful jokes, but the fact that they laugh in the first place suggests that sniggers and chortles have been around for a lot longer than we have. These lines illustrate that even chimpanzees, gorillas, and even rats chuckle, which indicates that sniggers and chortles have been present for a long time. However, there’s no reference that chimpanzees had a wider range of situations that resulted in laughter than rats did. So, the answer is Not Given.
Reading Passage 3
27 Answer: F
Question type: Matching Information
Answer location: Paragraph F, line 11
Answer explanation: We find reference in the 11th line of paragraph A, which states that before printed books, the art of memory was considered a staple of classical education on par with grammar, logic, and rhetoric. These lines indicate that the art of remembering images and recalling them through an imaginary route is considered significant in academic studies. Since the ancestors didn’t have any books, super memory at that time was considered classical education. Thus, this is the reason the competence of super memory is significant in academic settings. So, the answer is F.
28 Answer: B
Question type: Matching Information
Answer location: Paragraph B
Answer explanation: The introductory line of paragraph B illustrates that in timed trials, contestants were challenged to take at and then recite a two-page poem, memorize rows of 40-digit numbers, recall the names of 110 people after looking at their photographs, and perform seven other feats of extraordinary retention. Some tests took just a few minutes; others lasted hours. In the 14 years since the World Memory Championships was founded, no one has memorized the order of a shuffled deck of playing cards in less than 30 seconds. These lines state that contestants were challenged to take and then recite a two page poem, memorize the row of 40 digit numbers, recall the names of 110 people after looking at their photos and perform seven other feats of extraordinary retention. While some tests took only a few minutes, others lasted hours. People were asked to remember things in the world memory championship contest for extraordinary memory, where no participant has memorized the order of a shuffled deck of playing cards in less than 30 seconds. Thus, this is a contest held for extraordinary memory in consecutive years. So, the answer is B.
29 Answer: D
Question type: Matching Information
Answer location: Paragraph D, line 2
Answer explanation: The 2nd line of paragraph D illustrates that Cooke, a 23-year-old cognitive-science graduate student with a shoulder-length mop of curly hair, is a grandmaster of brain storage. He can memorize the order of 10 decks of playing cards in less than an hour or one deck of cards in less than a minute. These lines indicate that Cooke was a grandmaster of brain storage, who can memorize 1 deck of cards in less than a minute. So, this is an example of an extraordinary person who did an unusual recalling game. Thus, the answer is D.
30 Answer: H
Question type: Matching Information
Answer location: Paragraph H, line 3
Answer explanation: Paragraph H states about K. Anders Ericsson, who cited an experiment with S. F, who was paid to take a standard test of memory. The 3rd line illustrates that when he started, he could hold, like most people, only about seven digits in his head at any given time (conveniently, the length of a phone number). Over two years, S. F. completed 250 hours of testing. By then, he had stretched his digit span from 7 to more than 80. The study of S. F. led Ericsson to believe that innately superior memory doesn’t exist at all. When he reviewed original case studies of naturals, he found that exceptional memorizers were using techniques—sometimes without realizing it—and lots of practice. These lines reveal that initially, S. F could hold only 7 digits in his head, but after 2 years with lots of consistent practice, he could remember more than 80 digits. These lines indicate a belief that extraordinary memory can be gained through enough practice. So, the answer is H.
31 Answer: G
Question type: Matching Information
Answer location: Paragraph G, line 3
Answer explanation: Paragraph G, line 3, states, “The capacity of his memory had no distinct limits,” wrote Alexander Luria, the Russian psychologist who studied Shereshevskii from the 1920s to the 1950s. Shereshevski also had synesthesia, a rare condition in which the senses become intertwined For example, every number may be associated with a colour or every word with a taste. Synesthetic reactions evoke a response in more areas of the brain, making memory easier. We can deduce from these lines that Alexander was diagnosed with synesthesia and this reaction assists the extraordinary memory reaction, making memories easier to remember. Thus, synesthesia is a rare ability. So, the answer is G.
32 Answer: a specific person
Question type: Summary Completion
Answer location: Paragraph E
Answer explanation: The initial lines of paragraph E states that Cooke has already memorized a specific person, verb, and object that he associates with each card in the deck. These lines indicate that Cooke has linked each card in the deck with a specific person, verb, and object. So, the answer that fits the summary is a specific person.
33 Answer: three cards
Question type: Summary Completion
Answer location: Paragraph E, line 5
Answer explanation: The 5th line of paragraph E states that when Cooke commits a deck to memory, he does it three cards at a time. Every three-card group forms a single image of a person doing something to an object. These lines suggest that when Cooke used to carry out a deck to the memory, he’d take 3 cards at a time and each card group had already formed an image in his head. Thus, the answer is three cards.
34 Answer: mental walk
Question type: Summary Completion
Answer location: Paragraph E, line 9
Answer explanation: The 9th line of paragraph E illustrates that when it comes time to recall Cooke takes a mental walk along his route and translates the images into cards. These lines suggest that Cooke goes on a mental walk along his route and translates the imaginary scene into cards. Thus, the answer is mental walk.
35 Answer: toci method
Question type: Matching Information
Answer location: Paragraph F, line 2
Answer explanation: The 2nd line of paragraph F states that competitive memorizers place their images along an imaginary route. That technique, known as the toci method reportedly originated in 477 B.C. with the Greek poet Simonides of Ceos. These lines reveal that it is the technique used by Cooke to memorize the cards. The memorizer remembers the image along with an imaginary route. Thus, the answer is toci method.
36 Answer: education
Question type: Summary Completion
Answer location: Paragraph F, line 11
Answer explanation: The eleventh line of paragraph F illustrates that before printed books, the art of memory was considered a staple of classical education, on a par with grammar, logic, and rhetoric. These lines indicate that our ancestors used to consider the art of memorization as a staple of classical education on par with grammar, logic, and rhetoric. Thus, the answer is education.
37 Answer: A
Question type: Multiple Choice Question
Answer location: Paragraph B
Answer explanation: The introductory line of paragraph B states that in timed trials, contestants were challenged to take at and then recite a two-page poem, memorize rows of 40-digit numbers, recall the names of 110 people after looking at their photographs, and perform seven other feats of extraordinary retention. These lines reveal that contestants of the programs were challenged to recite two page numbers, memorize rows of 40 digit numbers, recall the names of 120 people after looking at their pictures and perform 7 other feats of extraordinary retention. Therefore, according to the world memory championship, order of a large group of each digit is required for a good memory. So, the answer is A.
38 Answer: D
Question type: Multiple Choice Question
Answer location: Paragraph B
Answer explanation: The initial lines of paragraph B illustrates that during the timed trails, contestants were challenged to take at and then recite a two-page poem, memorize rows of 40-digit numbers, recall the names of 110 people after looking at their photographs, and perform seven other feats of extraordinary retention. We can deduce from these lines that contestants were instructed to recall the names of 110 people by looking at their pictures and perform 7 other feats of extraordinary retention. So, the answer is D.
39 Answer: B
Question type: Multiple Choice Question
Answer location: Paragraph C, line 6
Answer explanation: The 6th line of paragraph C states that when it came to memorizing sequences of three-digit numbers, the difference between the memory contestants and the control subjects was, as expected, immense. These lines suggest that the MRI experiment of Elizabeth valentine and John wilding reveals that when it comes to memorizing sequences of three-digit numbers, there was an immense difference between the memory contestants and the control subjects. So, the answer is B.
40 Answer: E
Question type: Multiple Choice Question
Answer location: Paragraph C, line 9
Answer explanation: Paragraph C, line 9 states the fact that when the researchers analyzed the brain scans, they found that the memory champs were activating some brain regions that were different from those the control subjects were using. These regions, which included the right posterior hippocampus, are known to be involved in visual memory and spatial navigation. These lines suggest that when the brain scans were analyzed, it was found that the memory champs activated some brain regions that were different from the control subjects used. It was then concluded that visual memory and spatial navigation were used while memorizing photos. So, the answer is E.
