Cách dùng tiếng Anh trong bài báo khoa học (phần 2-các mẫu câu thường dùng)

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Để viết được một bài báo khoa học chất lượng thực sự đòi hỏi rất nhiều tâm huyết của giáo viên hay những người đang làm nghiên cứu khoa học. Để hoàn thành công trình nghiên cứu, họ phải bỏ ra thời gian, tiền bạc và mồ hôi tâm huyết, góp phần phát triển một bước đi nhỏ trong cuộc cách mạng lớn, cách mạng khoa học kỹ thuật công nghệ.

Ngoài việc tiến hành khảo sát, nghiên cứu, phân tích vấn đề, người làm nghiên cứu cần phải nâng cao kỹ năng viết tiếng Anh, đặc biệt là tiếng Anh học thuật. Một bài báo viết bằng tiếng Anh trôi chảy, sẽ giúp chuyên gia phản biện đọc dễ dàng và có ấn tượng hơn về công trình nghiên cứu của bạn. Tăng cơ hội thành công khi gửi đăng tại các tạp chí quốc tế bằng tiếng Anh.

Trong phần trước, chúng ta đã tìm hiểu các cụm từ thay thế khi viết tiếng Anh trong bài báo khoa học.

• Xem thêm tại Cách dùng tiếng Anh trong bài báo khoa học (phần 1)

Phần này chúng ta tiếp tục tìm hiểu các mẫu câu thường dùng khi viết báo khoa học:

Phần 2. Các mẫu câu thường dùng

Beginning

Introduction

1. This will be followed by a description of the fuzzy nature of the problem and a detailed presentation of how the required membership functions are defined.
2. Details on xx and xx are discussed in later sections.
3. In the next section, after a statement of the basic problem, various situations involving possibility knowledge are investigated: first, an entirely possibility model is proposed; then the cases of a fuzzy service time with stochastic arrivals and non fuzzy service rule is studied; lastly, fuzzy service rule are considered.

Review

1. This review is followed by an introduction.
2. A brief summary of some of the relevant concepts in xxx and xxx is presented in Section 2.
3. In the next section, a brief review of the …. is given.
4. In the next section, a short review of … is given with special regard to …
5. Section 2 reviews relevant research related to xx.
6. Section 1.1 briefly surveys the motivation for a methodology of action, while 1.2 looks at the difficulties posed by the complexity of systems and outlines the need for development of possibility methods.

Body

1. Section 1 defines the notion of robustness, and argues for its importance.
2. Section 1 devoted to the basic aspects of the FLC decision making logic.
3. Section 2 gives the background of the problem which includes xxx
4. Section 2 discusses some problems with and approaches to, natural language understanding.
5. Section 2 explains how flexibility which often … can be expressed in terms of fuzzy time window
6. Section 3 discusses the aspects of fuzzy set theory that are used in the …
7. Section 3 describes the system itself in a general way, including the ….. and also discusses how to evaluate system performance.
8. Section 3 describes a new measure of xx.
9. Section 3 demonstrates the use of fuzzy possibility theory in the analysis of xx.
10. Section 3 is a fine description of fuzzy formulation of human decision.
11. Section 3, is developed to the modeling and processing of fuzzy decision rules
12. The main idea of the FLC is described in Section 3 while Section 4 describes the xx strategies.
13. Section 3 and 4 show experimental studies for verifying the proposed model.
14. Section 4 discusses a previous fuzzy set based approach to cost variance investigation.
15. Section 4 gives a specific example of xxx.
16. Section 4 is the experimental study to make a fuzzy model of memory process.
17. Section 4 contains a discussion of the implication of the results of Section 2 and 3.
18. Section 4 applies this fuzzy measure to the analysis of xx and illustrate its use on experimental data.
19. Section 5 presents the primary results of the paper: a fuzzy set model ..
20. Section 5 contains some conclusions plus some ideas for further work.
21. Section 6 illustrates the model with an example.
22. Various ways of justification and the reasons for their choice are discussed very briefly in Section 2.
23. In Section 2 are presented the block diagram expression of a whole model of human DM system
24. In Section 2 we shall list a collection of basic assumptions which a … scheme must satisfy.
25. In Section 2 of this paper, we present representation and uniqueness theorems for the fundamental measurement of fuzziness when the domain of discourse is order dense.
26. In Section 3, we describe the preliminary results of an empirical study currently in progress to verify the measurement model and to construct membership functions.
27. In Section 5 is analyzed the inference process through the two kinds of inference experiments…

This Section

1. In this section, the characteristics and environment under which MRP is designed are described.
2. We will provide in this section basic terminologies and notations which are necessary for the understanding of subsequent results. Next Section
2. The next section describes the mathematics that goes into the computer implementation of such fuzzy logic statements.
3. However, it is cumbersome for this purpose and in practical applications the formulae were rearranged and simplified as discussed in the next section.
4. The three components will be described in the next two section, and an example of xx analysis of a computer information system will then illustrate their use.
5. We can interpret the results of Experiments I and II as in the following sections.
6. The next section summarizes the method in a from that is useful for arguments based on xx

Summary

1. This paper concludes with a discussion of future research consideration in section 5.
2. Section 5 summarizes the results of this investigation.
3. Section 5 gives the conclusions and future directions of research.
4. Section 7 provides a summary and a discussion of some extensions of the paper.
5. Finally, conclusions and future work are summarized
6. The basic questions posed above are then discussed and conclusions are drawn.
7. Section 7 is the conclusion of the paper.

Học tốt tiếng Anh học thuật sẽ giúp chúng ta viết bài báo khoa học trôi chảy hơn, công trình nghiên cứu dễ dàng công bố tại các tạp chí quốc tế, đặc biệt là các tạp chí thuộc danh mục ISI.

Chuyên mục:Kiến thức